PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Microbes dominate terrestrial ecosystems via their great species diversity and vital ecosystem functions, such as biogeochemical cycling and mycorrhizal symbiosis. Fungi and other organisms form diverse association networks. However, the roles of species belonging to different kingdoms in multi-kingdom community networks have remained largely elusive. In light of the integrative microbiome initiative, we inferred multiple-kingdom biotic associations from high elevation timberline soils using the SPIEC-EASI method. Biotic interactions among plants, nematodes, fungi, bacteria, and archaea were surveyed at the community and network levels. Compared to single-kingdom networks, multi-kingdom networks and their associations increased the within-kingdom and cross-kingdom edge numbers by 1012 and 10,772, respectively, as well as mean connectivity and negative edge proportion by 15.2 and 0.8%, respectively. Fungal involvement increased network stability (i.e., resistance to node loss) and connectivity, but reduced modularity, when compared with those in the single-kingdom networks of plants, nematodes, bacteria, and archaea. In the entire multi-kingdom network, fungal nodes were characterized by significantly higher degree and betweenness than bacteria. Fungi more often played the role of connector, linking different modules. Consistently, structural equation modeling and multiple regression on matrices corroborated the \"bridge\" role of fungi at the community level, linking plants and other soil biota. Overall, our findings suggest that fungi can stabilize the self-organization process of multi-kingdom networks. The findings facilitate the initiation and carrying out of multi-kingdom community studies in natural ecosystems to reveal the complex above- and belowground linkages.
摘要：
微生物通过其丰富的物种多样性和重要的生态系统功能支配着陆地生态系统，如生物地球化学循环和菌根共生。真菌和其他生物形成不同的关联网络。然而,属于不同王国的物种在多王国社区网络中的作用在很大程度上仍然难以捉摸。鉴于综合微生物组倡议，我们使用SPIEC-EASI方法从高海拔林地土壤中推断了多个王国的生物关联。植物之间的生物相互作用，线虫,真菌,细菌,和古细菌在社区和网络层面进行了调查。与单一王国网络相比，多王国网络及其关联使王国内和跨王国边缘数分别增加了1012和10772，以及平均连通性和负边缘比例为15.2%和0.8%，分别。真菌参与增加了网络稳定性(即，对节点损耗的抵抗力)和连通性，但是降低了模块性，与单一王国的植物网络相比，线虫,细菌,和古细菌。在整个多王国网络中，真菌结节的特征是程度和介数明显高于细菌。真菌更经常扮演连接器的角色，链接不同的模块。始终如一，矩阵的结构方程模型和多元回归证实了真菌在群落层面的“桥梁”作用，连接植物和其他土壤生物群。总的来说,我们的发现表明，真菌可以稳定多王国网络的自组织过程。这些发现有助于在自然生态系统中启动和开展多王国社区研究，以揭示复杂的地上和地下联系。
