Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: Hyperglycemia is affected by lifestyle and genetic factors. We investigated if dietary patterns associate with glycemia in individuals with high or low genetic risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D).
METHODS: Men (n = 1577, 51-81 years) without T2D from the Metabolic Syndrome in Men (METSIM) cohort filled a food-frequency questionnaire and participated in a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test. Polygenetic risk score (PRS) including 76 genetic variants was used to stratify participants into low or high T2D risk groups. We established two data-driven dietary patterns, termed healthy and unhealthy, and investigated their association with plasma glucose concentrations and hyperglycemia risk.
RESULTS: Healthy dietary pattern was associated with lower fasting and 2-hour plasma glucose, glucose area under the curve, and better insulin sensitivity (Matsuda insulin sensitivity index) and insulin secretion (disposition index) in unadjusted and adjusted models, whereas the unhealthy pattern was not. No interaction was observed between the patterns and PRS on glycemic measures. Healthy dietary pattern was negatively associated with the risk for hyperglycemia in an adjusted model (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.51-0.95, in the highest tertile), whereas unhealthy pattern was not (OR 1.08, 95% CI 0.79-1.47, in the highest tertile). No interaction was found between diet and PRS on the risk for hyperglycemia (p = 0.69 for healthy diet, p = 0.54 for unhealthy diet).
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that healthy diet is associated with lower glucose concentrations and lower risk for hyperglycemia in men with no interaction with the genetic risk.
METHODS: Men (n = 1577, 51-81 years) without T2D from the Metabolic Syndrome in Men (METSIM) cohort filled a food-frequency questionnaire and participated in a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test. Polygenetic risk score (PRS) including 76 genetic variants was used to stratify participants into low or high T2D risk groups. We established two data-driven dietary patterns, termed healthy and unhealthy, and investigated their association with plasma glucose concentrations and hyperglycemia risk.
RESULTS: Healthy dietary pattern was associated with lower fasting and 2-hour plasma glucose, glucose area under the curve, and better insulin sensitivity (Matsuda insulin sensitivity index) and insulin secretion (disposition index) in unadjusted and adjusted models, whereas the unhealthy pattern was not. No interaction was observed between the patterns and PRS on glycemic measures. Healthy dietary pattern was negatively associated with the risk for hyperglycemia in an adjusted model (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.51-0.95, in the highest tertile), whereas unhealthy pattern was not (OR 1.08, 95% CI 0.79-1.47, in the highest tertile). No interaction was found between diet and PRS on the risk for hyperglycemia (p = 0.69 for healthy diet, p = 0.54 for unhealthy diet).
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that healthy diet is associated with lower glucose concentrations and lower risk for hyperglycemia in men with no interaction with the genetic risk.
摘要：
目的：高血糖受生活方式和遗传因素的影响。我们调查了饮食模式是否与2型糖尿病（T2D）的高或低遗传风险个体的血糖相关。
方法：男性（n=1577，51-81岁）无T2D男性代谢综合征（METSIM）队列填写食物频率问卷，并参加2小时口服葡萄糖耐量试验。使用包括76种遗传变异的多遗传风险评分（PRS）将参与者分为低或高T2D风险组。我们建立了两种数据驱动的膳食模式，被称为健康和不健康，并调查了它们与血浆葡萄糖浓度和高血糖风险的关系。
结果：健康的膳食模式与较低的空腹血糖和2小时血糖有关，曲线下的葡萄糖面积,在未经调整和调整的模型中，胰岛素敏感性（松田胰岛素敏感性指数）和胰岛素分泌（处置指数）更好，而不健康的模式不是。未观察到模式和PRS对血糖测量的相互作用。在调整模型中，健康饮食模式与高血糖风险呈负相关（OR0.69，95％CI0.51-0.95，最高），而不健康的模式则不是(OR1.08，95%CI0.79-1.47，最高)。饮食和PRS对高血糖风险的影响没有发现（健康饮食的p=0.69，不健康饮食的p=0.54)。
结论：我们的研究结果表明，健康的饮食与较低的血糖浓度和较低的高血糖风险相关，而与遗传风险无关。
方法：男性（n=1577，51-81岁）无T2D男性代谢综合征（METSIM）队列填写食物频率问卷，并参加2小时口服葡萄糖耐量试验。使用包括76种遗传变异的多遗传风险评分（PRS）将参与者分为低或高T2D风险组。我们建立了两种数据驱动的膳食模式，被称为健康和不健康，并调查了它们与血浆葡萄糖浓度和高血糖风险的关系。
结果：健康的膳食模式与较低的空腹血糖和2小时血糖有关，曲线下的葡萄糖面积,在未经调整和调整的模型中，胰岛素敏感性（松田胰岛素敏感性指数）和胰岛素分泌（处置指数）更好，而不健康的模式不是。未观察到模式和PRS对血糖测量的相互作用。在调整模型中，健康饮食模式与高血糖风险呈负相关（OR0.69，95％CI0.51-0.95，最高），而不健康的模式则不是(OR1.08，95%CI0.79-1.47，最高)。饮食和PRS对高血糖风险的影响没有发现（健康饮食的p=0.69，不健康饮食的p=0.54)。
结论：我们的研究结果表明，健康的饮食与较低的血糖浓度和较低的高血糖风险相关，而与遗传风险无关。
