PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Long since, carbohydrates were thought to be used just as an energy source and structural material. However, in recent years, with the emergence of the field of glycobiology and advances in glycomics, much has been learned about the biological role of oligosaccharides, a carbohydrate polymer containing a small number of monosaccharides, in cell-cell interaction, signal transduction, immune response, pathogen adhesion processes, early embryogenesis, and apoptosis. The function of oligosaccharides in these processes is diversified by fucosylation, also known as modification of oligosaccharides. Fucosylation has allowed the identification of more than 100 different oligosaccharide structures that provide functional diversity. ABO blood group and Lewis antigens are among the best known fucosyl-linked oligosaccharides. In addition, the antigens in the ABO system are composed of various sugar molecules, including fucosylated oligosaccharides, and Lewis antigens are structurally similar to ABO antigens but differ in the linkage of sugars. Variation in blood group antigen expression affects the host\'s susceptibility to many infections. However, altered expression of ABO and Lewis antigens is related with prognosis in carcinoma types. In addition, many pathogens recognize and bind to human tissues using a protein receptor with high affinity for the fucose molecule in glycoconjugates, such as lectin. Fucosylated oligosaccharides also play vital roles during fertilization and early embryogenesis. Learning and memory-related processes such as neurite growth, neurite migration, and synapse formation seen during the development of the brain, which is among the first organs to develop in embryogenesis, are regulated by fucosylated oligosaccharides. In conclusion, this review mentions the vital roles of fucosylated oligosaccharides in biology, drawing attention to their importance in the development of chemical tools to be used in function analysis and the investigation of various therapeutic targets.
摘要：
很久以来,碳水化合物被认为只是用作能源和结构材料。然而,近年来,随着糖生物学领域的出现和糖组学的进步，关于低聚糖的生物学作用已经了解了很多，含有少量单糖的碳水化合物聚合物，在细胞-细胞相互作用中，信号转导，免疫反应，病原体粘附过程，早期胚胎发生，和凋亡。寡糖在这些过程中的功能通过岩藻糖基化而多样化，也称为寡糖的修饰。岩藻糖基化已经允许鉴定超过100种提供功能多样性的不同寡糖结构。ABO血型和Lewis抗原是最著名的岩藻糖基连接的寡糖之一。此外,ABO系统中的抗原由各种糖分子组成，包括岩藻糖基化低聚糖，和Lewis抗原在结构上与ABO抗原相似，但在糖的连接上有所不同。血型抗原表达的变化会影响宿主对许多感染的易感性。然而,ABO和Lewis抗原的表达改变与癌症类型的预后有关。此外,许多病原体使用对糖缀合物中的岩藻糖分子具有高亲和力的蛋白质受体识别并结合人体组织，如凝集素。岩藻糖基化寡糖在受精和早期胚胎发生过程中也起着至关重要的作用。学习和记忆相关的过程，如神经突生长，神经突迁移，在大脑发育过程中看到的突触形成，这是胚胎发育中最早发育的器官之一，受岩藻糖基化低聚糖调节。总之,这篇综述提到了岩藻糖基化寡糖在生物学中的重要作用，提请注意它们在开发用于功能分析和研究各种治疗靶标的化学工具中的重要性。
