PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: Equine-assisted services (EAS) has received attention as a potential treatment strategy for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), as existing literature indicates that symptoms may decrease following EAS. Relatively little is known about the mechanisms at play during lessons and if physiological measures are impacted. The objectives of this pilot study were to 1) explore the effects of adaptive horsemanship (AH) lessons on symptoms of PTSD, hormone concentrations, and social motor synchrony; 2) determine if physiological changes occur as veterans interact with horses; and 3) explore if the interaction between veteran and horse changes over the 8-week session.
UNASSIGNED: Veterans with PTSD were randomly assigned to control (CON, n = 3) or AH (n = 6) groups for an 8-week period (clinical trial; NCT04850573; clinicaltrials.gov). Veterans completed the PTSD Checklist (PCL-5) and Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) at pre-, post-, and 2- and 6-month follow-up time points. They also completed a social motor synchrony test (pendulum swinging) and blood draw at pre- and post-time points. In weeks 1, 4, and 8, blood samples were drawn at 0 min, 3 min, 5 min, 25 min, and 30 min during the 30-min AH lessons. Veterans completed the Human-Animal Interaction Scale (HAIS) after each lesson. Blood samples were assayed for plasma cortisol, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and oxytocin. Data were analyzed with repeated measure ANOVAs. Changes in PTSD symptoms from pre- to post-time point were analyzed with paired t-tests.
UNASSIGNED: Changes in PCL-5 scores tended to differ (p = 0.0989), and global BSI scores differed (p = 0.0266) between AH (-11.5 ± 5.5, mean ± SE; -0.5 ± 0.2) and CON (5.3 ± 5.4; 0.4 ± 0.2) groups. Social motor synchrony and hormone concentrations did not differ between groups or time points (p > 0.05). Cortisol, norepinephrine, and oxytocin concentrations did not differ across sessions (p > 0.05). Epinephrine concentrations tended (p = 0.0744) to decrease from week 1 to 4 of sessions. HAIS scores increased (p ≥ 0.0437) in week 3 and remained elevated as compared to week 1.
UNASSIGNED: Participant recruitment was the greatest challenge. These preliminary results agree with the literature suggesting that EAS can reduce symptoms of PTSD.
UNASSIGNED: Veterans with PTSD were randomly assigned to control (CON, n = 3) or AH (n = 6) groups for an 8-week period (clinical trial; NCT04850573; clinicaltrials.gov). Veterans completed the PTSD Checklist (PCL-5) and Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) at pre-, post-, and 2- and 6-month follow-up time points. They also completed a social motor synchrony test (pendulum swinging) and blood draw at pre- and post-time points. In weeks 1, 4, and 8, blood samples were drawn at 0 min, 3 min, 5 min, 25 min, and 30 min during the 30-min AH lessons. Veterans completed the Human-Animal Interaction Scale (HAIS) after each lesson. Blood samples were assayed for plasma cortisol, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and oxytocin. Data were analyzed with repeated measure ANOVAs. Changes in PTSD symptoms from pre- to post-time point were analyzed with paired t-tests.
UNASSIGNED: Changes in PCL-5 scores tended to differ (p = 0.0989), and global BSI scores differed (p = 0.0266) between AH (-11.5 ± 5.5, mean ± SE; -0.5 ± 0.2) and CON (5.3 ± 5.4; 0.4 ± 0.2) groups. Social motor synchrony and hormone concentrations did not differ between groups or time points (p > 0.05). Cortisol, norepinephrine, and oxytocin concentrations did not differ across sessions (p > 0.05). Epinephrine concentrations tended (p = 0.0744) to decrease from week 1 to 4 of sessions. HAIS scores increased (p ≥ 0.0437) in week 3 and remained elevated as compared to week 1.
UNASSIGNED: Participant recruitment was the greatest challenge. These preliminary results agree with the literature suggesting that EAS can reduce symptoms of PTSD.
摘要：
■马辅助服务（EAS）作为创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的潜在治疗策略受到关注，正如现有文献表明，EAS后症状可能会减轻。对于上课期间的机制以及生理措施是否受到影响，人们知之甚少。这项试点研究的目的是1）探索适应性马术（AH）课程对PTSD症状的影响，激素浓度,和社会运动同步；2）确定退伍军人与马互动时是否发生生理变化；3）探索退伍军人与马之间的互动在8周的训练中是否发生变化。
■患有创伤后应激障碍的退伍军人被随机分配到对照组(CON，n=3）或AH（n=6）组，为期8周（临床试验；NCT04850573；clinicaltrials.gov）。退伍军人在之前完成了PTSD清单（PCL-5）和简短症状清单（BSI），post-,以及2个月和6个月的随访时间点。他们还在前后时间点完成了社交运动同步测试（摆锤摆动）和抽血。在第1、4和8周，在0分钟时抽取血液样本，3分钟,5分钟,25分钟,在30分钟的AH课程中30分钟。退伍军人在每节课后完成了人与动物的相互作用量表（HAIS）。血液样本进行血浆皮质醇检测,肾上腺素,去甲肾上腺素,和催产素.用重复测量的ANOVA分析数据。使用配对t检验分析PTSD症状从前后时间点的变化。
■PCL-5评分的变化趋于不同（p=0.0989），AH（-11.5±5.5，平均值±SE；-0.5±0.2）和CON（5.3±5.4；0.4±0.2）组之间的总体BSI评分不同（p=0.0266）。两组之间或时间点之间的社会运动同步性和激素浓度没有差异（p>0.05）。皮质醇,去甲肾上腺素,和催产素浓度在不同疗程之间没有差异(p>0.05)。从第1周到第4周，肾上腺素浓度趋于降低（p=0.0744）。HAIS评分在第3周增加（p≥0.0437），与第1周相比仍然升高。
■招募参与者是最大的挑战。这些初步结果与文献表明EAS可以减轻PTSD的症状一致。
■患有创伤后应激障碍的退伍军人被随机分配到对照组(CON，n=3）或AH（n=6）组，为期8周（临床试验；NCT04850573；clinicaltrials.gov）。退伍军人在之前完成了PTSD清单（PCL-5）和简短症状清单（BSI），post-,以及2个月和6个月的随访时间点。他们还在前后时间点完成了社交运动同步测试（摆锤摆动）和抽血。在第1、4和8周，在0分钟时抽取血液样本，3分钟,5分钟,25分钟,在30分钟的AH课程中30分钟。退伍军人在每节课后完成了人与动物的相互作用量表（HAIS）。血液样本进行血浆皮质醇检测,肾上腺素,去甲肾上腺素,和催产素.用重复测量的ANOVA分析数据。使用配对t检验分析PTSD症状从前后时间点的变化。
■PCL-5评分的变化趋于不同（p=0.0989），AH（-11.5±5.5，平均值±SE；-0.5±0.2）和CON（5.3±5.4；0.4±0.2）组之间的总体BSI评分不同（p=0.0266）。两组之间或时间点之间的社会运动同步性和激素浓度没有差异（p>0.05）。皮质醇,去甲肾上腺素,和催产素浓度在不同疗程之间没有差异(p>0.05)。从第1周到第4周，肾上腺素浓度趋于降低（p=0.0744）。HAIS评分在第3周增加（p≥0.0437），与第1周相比仍然升高。
■招募参与者是最大的挑战。这些初步结果与文献表明EAS可以减轻PTSD的症状一致。
