PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Legacy effects describe the persistent, long-term impacts on an ecosystem following the removal of an abiotic or biotic feature. Redlining, a policy that codified racial segregation and disinvestment in minoritized neighborhoods, has produced legacy effects with profound impacts on urban ecosystem structure and health. These legacies have detrimentally impacted public health outcomes, socioeconomic stability, and environmental health. However, the collateral impacts of redlining on wildlife communities are uncertain. Here, we investigated whether faunal biodiversity was associated with redlining. We used home-owner loan corporation (HOLC) maps [grades A (i.e., \"best\" and \"greenlined\"), B, C, and D (i.e., \"hazardous\" and \"redlined\")] across four cities in California and contributory science data (iNaturalist) to estimate alpha and beta diversity across six clades (mammals, birds, insects, arachnids, reptiles, and amphibians) as a function of HOLC grade. We found that in greenlined neighborhoods, unique species were detected with less sampling effort, with redlined neighborhoods needing over 8,000 observations to detect the same number of unique species. Historically redlined neighborhoods had lower native and nonnative species richness compared to greenlined neighborhoods across each city, with disparities remaining at the clade level. Further, community composition (i.e., beta diversity) consistently differed among HOLC grades for all cities, including large differences in species assemblage observed between green and redlined neighborhoods. Our work spotlights the lasting effects of social injustices on the community ecology of cities, emphasizing that urban conservation and management efforts must incorporate an antiracist, justice-informed lens to improve biodiversity in urban environments.
摘要：
遗留效果描述了持久的，去除非生物或生物特征后对生态系统的长期影响。Redlining,一项编纂种族隔离和在少数民族社区撤资的政策，产生了遗产效应，对城市生态系统结构和健康产生了深远的影响。这些遗产对公共卫生结果产生了不利影响，社会经济稳定,和环境健康。然而,修订对野生动物群落的附带影响是不确定的。这里,我们调查了动物区系生物多样性是否与红线相关。我们使用了房主贷款公司(HOLC)地图[A级(即，\“最佳\”和\“绿色\”)，B,C,和D(即，\“危险\”和\“红线\”）]在加利福尼亚州的四个城市和贡献科学数据（iNaturalist），以估计六个分支（哺乳动物，鸟,昆虫,蜘蛛,爬行动物,和两栖动物）作为HOLC等级的函数。我们发现在绿色社区，用较少的采样工作量检测到独特的物种，带红线的社区需要超过8000个观察来检测相同数量的独特物种。与每个城市的绿色街区相比，历史上带红线的街区的本地和非本地物种丰富度较低，差异仍保持在进化枝水平。Further,群落组成(即，β多样性)在所有城市的HOLC等级之间始终不同，包括绿色和带红线的社区之间观察到的物种组合的巨大差异。我们的工作聚焦了社会不公正对城市社区生态的持久影响，强调城市保护和管理努力必须纳入反种族主义者，司法知情的镜头，以改善城市环境中的生物多样性。
