Abstract：
Humans are exposed to different types of toxic agents, which may directly induce organ malfunction or indirectly alter gene expression, leading to carcinogenic and teratogenic effects, and eventually death. Ginseng (Panax ginseng) is the most valuable of all medicinal herbs. Nevertheless, specific data on the antidotal mechanisms of this golden herb are currently unavailable. Based on the findings of in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies, this review focused on the probable protective mechanisms of ginseng and its major components, such as protopanaxadiols, protopanaxatriols, and pentacyclic ginsenosides against various chemical toxic agents. Relevant articles from 2000 to 2023 were gathered from PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar. This literature review shows that P. ginseng and its main components have protective and antidotal effects against the deteriorative effects of pesticides, pharmaceutical agents, including acetaminophen, doxorubicin, isoproterenol, cyclosporine A, tacrolimus, and gentamicin, ethanol, and some chemical agents. These improvements occur through multi-functional mechanisms. They exhibit antioxidant activity, induce anti-inflammatory action, and block intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways. However, relevant clinical trials are necessary to validate the mentioned effects and translate the knowledge from basic science to human benefit, fulfilling the fundamental goal of all toxicologists.
摘要：
人类接触不同类型的有毒物质,这可能直接诱导器官功能障碍或间接改变基因表达，导致致癌和致畸作用，最终死亡。人参（人参）是所有草药中最有价值的。然而，目前尚无有关这种黄金草药的解毒机制的具体数据。根据体外的发现，在体内，和临床研究，本文综述了人参及其主要成分的可能保护机制，如原人参二醇，原参三醇,和五环人参皂苷对抗各种化学毒剂。2000年至2023年的相关文章来自PubMed/Medline，Scopus,谷歌学者。文献综述表明,人参及其主要成分对农药的变质作用具有保护作用和解毒作用,药剂,包括对乙酰氨基酚,阿霉素,异丙肾上腺素,环孢菌素A,他克莫司,还有庆大霉素,乙醇,和一些化学制剂。这些改进是通过多功能机制实现的。它们表现出抗氧化活性，诱导抗炎作用，并阻断内在和外在的凋亡途径。然而,相关的临床试验是必要的，以验证上述效果，并将知识从基础科学转化为人类利益，实现所有毒理学家的基本目标。
