Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Snake venom is a complex mixture of organic and inorganic constituents, including proteins and peptides. Several studies showed that antivenom efficacy differs due to intra- and inter-species venom variation.
METHODS: In the current study, comparative functional characterization of major enzymatic proteins present in Craspedocephalus malabaricus and Daboia russelii venom was investigated through various in vitro and immunological cross-reactivity assays.
RESULTS: The enzymatic assays revealed that hyaluronidase and phospholipase A2 activities were markedly higher in D. russelii. By contrast, fibrinogenolytic, fibrin clotting and L-amino acid oxidase activities were higher in C. malabaricus venom. ELISA results suggested that all the antivenoms had lower binding potential towards C. malabaricus venom. For D. russelii venom, the endpoint titration value was observed at 1:72 900 for all the antivenoms. In the case of C. malabaricus venom, the endpoint titration value was 1:2700, except for Biological E (1:8100). All these results, along with the avidity assays, indicate the strength of venom-antivenom interactions. Similarly, the western blot results suggest that all the antivenoms showed varied efficacies in binding and detecting the venom antigenic epitopes in both species.
CONCLUSIONS: The results highlight the need for species-specific antivenom to better manage snakebite victims.
METHODS: In the current study, comparative functional characterization of major enzymatic proteins present in Craspedocephalus malabaricus and Daboia russelii venom was investigated through various in vitro and immunological cross-reactivity assays.
RESULTS: The enzymatic assays revealed that hyaluronidase and phospholipase A2 activities were markedly higher in D. russelii. By contrast, fibrinogenolytic, fibrin clotting and L-amino acid oxidase activities were higher in C. malabaricus venom. ELISA results suggested that all the antivenoms had lower binding potential towards C. malabaricus venom. For D. russelii venom, the endpoint titration value was observed at 1:72 900 for all the antivenoms. In the case of C. malabaricus venom, the endpoint titration value was 1:2700, except for Biological E (1:8100). All these results, along with the avidity assays, indicate the strength of venom-antivenom interactions. Similarly, the western blot results suggest that all the antivenoms showed varied efficacies in binding and detecting the venom antigenic epitopes in both species.
CONCLUSIONS: The results highlight the need for species-specific antivenom to better manage snakebite victims.
摘要：
背景：蛇毒是有机和无机成分的复杂混合物，包括蛋白质和肽。几项研究表明，由于种内和种间的毒液变异，抗蛇毒效力有所不同。
方法：在目前的研究中，通过各种体外和免疫交叉反应性测定法，研究了craspedocephalabaricusmalabarus和Daboiarusselii毒中存在的主要酶蛋白的比较功能特征。
结果：酶分析显示，拉氏D.russelii中的透明质酸酶和磷脂酶A2活性明显更高。相比之下,纤维蛋白原溶解，马勒巴利氏杆菌毒液中的纤维蛋白凝血和L-氨基酸氧化酶活性较高。ELISA结果表明，所有抗蛇毒血清对马拉白蛇毒杆菌的结合潜力均较低。对于D.Russelii毒液,所有抗蛇毒血清的终点滴定值均为1:72900.在马拉巴利克毒液的情况下，除BiologicalE(1:8100)外，终点滴定值为1:2700。所有这些结果,随着亲和力测定，表明毒液-抗蛇毒血清相互作用的强度。同样，westernblot结果表明，所有抗蛇毒血清在结合和检测两个物种的毒液抗原表位方面表现出不同的功效。
结论：结果强调了对物种特异性抗蛇毒血清的需求，以更好地管理蛇咬伤受害者。
方法：在目前的研究中，通过各种体外和免疫交叉反应性测定法，研究了craspedocephalabaricusmalabarus和Daboiarusselii毒中存在的主要酶蛋白的比较功能特征。
结果：酶分析显示，拉氏D.russelii中的透明质酸酶和磷脂酶A2活性明显更高。相比之下,纤维蛋白原溶解，马勒巴利氏杆菌毒液中的纤维蛋白凝血和L-氨基酸氧化酶活性较高。ELISA结果表明，所有抗蛇毒血清对马拉白蛇毒杆菌的结合潜力均较低。对于D.Russelii毒液,所有抗蛇毒血清的终点滴定值均为1:72900.在马拉巴利克毒液的情况下，除BiologicalE(1:8100)外，终点滴定值为1:2700。所有这些结果,随着亲和力测定，表明毒液-抗蛇毒血清相互作用的强度。同样，westernblot结果表明，所有抗蛇毒血清在结合和检测两个物种的毒液抗原表位方面表现出不同的功效。
结论：结果强调了对物种特异性抗蛇毒血清的需求，以更好地管理蛇咬伤受害者。
