Abstract：
The hypothalamic-pituitary axis is central to the functioning of the neuroendocrine system and essential for regulating physiological and behavioral homeostasis and coordinating fundamental body functions. The expanding line of evidence shows the indispensable role of the microRNA pathway in regulating the gene expression profile in the developing and adult hypothalamus and pituitary gland. Experiments provoking a depletion of miRNA maturation in the context of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis brought into focus a prominent involvement of miRNAs in neuroendocrine functions. There are also a few individual miRNAs and miRNA families that have been studied in depth revealing their crucial role in mediating the regulation of fundamental processes such as temporal precision of puberty timing, hormone production, fertility and reproduction capacity, and energy balance. Among these miRNAs, miR-7 was shown to be hypothalamus-enriched and the top one highly expressed in the pituitary gland, where it has a profound impact on gene expression regulation. Here, we review miRNA profiles, knockout phenotypes, and miRNA interaction (targets) in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis that advance our understanding of the roles of miRNAs in mammalian neurosecretion and related physiology.
摘要：
下丘脑-垂体轴是神经内分泌系统功能的核心，对于调节生理和行为稳态以及协调基本身体功能至关重要。越来越多的证据表明，microRNA途径在调节发育中和成年下丘脑和垂体的基因表达谱中发挥着不可或缺的作用。在下丘脑-垂体轴的背景下引起miRNA成熟耗尽的实验引起了神经内分泌功能中miRNA的突出参与。还有一些单独的miRNA和miRNA家族已经被深入研究，揭示了它们在调节基本过程中的关键作用，例如青春期时间的时间精度。激素产生，生育能力和繁殖力，和能量平衡。在这些miRNA中,miR-7被证明是富含下丘脑的，并且在垂体中高度表达，它对基因表达调控有深远的影响。这里,我们回顾了miRNA谱，敲除表型，和下丘脑-垂体轴中的miRNA相互作用（靶标）促进了我们对miRNA在哺乳动物神经分泌和相关生理学中的作用的理解。
