PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Children prone to irritability experience significant functional impairments and internalising and externalising problems. Contemporary models have sought to elucidate the underlying mechanisms in irritability, such as aberrant threat and reward biases to improve interventions. However, the cognitive control processes that underlie threat (e.g., attention towards threats) and reward (e.g., attention towards reward-related cues) biases and the factors which influence the differential activation of positive and negative valence systems and thus leading to maladaptive activation of cognitive control processes (i.e., proactive and reactive control) are unclear. Thus, we aim to integrate extant theoretical and empirical research to elucidate the cognitive control processes underlying threat and reward processing that contribute to irritability in middle childhood and provide a guiding framework for future research and treatment. We propose an expanded conceptual framework of irritability that includes broad intraindividual and environmental vulnerability factors and propose proximal \'setting\' factors that activate the negative valence and positive valence systems and proactive and reactive cognitive control processes which underpin the expression and progression of irritability. We consider the implications of this expanded conceptualisation of irritability and provide suggestions for future research.
摘要：
容易烦躁的儿童会经历明显的功能损害以及内化和外化问题。当代模型试图阐明烦躁的潜在机制，例如异常威胁和奖励偏见，以改善干预措施。然而,构成威胁的认知控制过程(例如，关注威胁)和奖励(例如，对奖励相关线索的关注)偏见和影响正负效价系统差异激活的因素，从而导致认知控制过程的适应不良激活(即，主动和被动控制)尚不清楚。因此，我们的目标是整合现有的理论和实证研究，以阐明潜在的威胁和奖励过程的认知控制过程，这些过程会导致中年儿童的易怒，并为未来的研究和治疗提供指导框架。我们提出了一个扩展的易怒性概念框架，其中包括广泛的个体内部和环境脆弱性因素，并提出了激活负价和正价系统的近端“设置”因素以及支持易怒表达和发展的主动和反应性认知控制过程。我们考虑了这种扩展的易怒概念化的含义，并为未来的研究提供了建议。
