PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Centromeres are chromatin structures specialized in sister chromatid cohesion, kinetochore assembly, and microtubule attachment during chromosome segregation. The regional centromere of vertebrates consists of long regions of highly repetitive sequences occupied by the Histone H3 variant CENP-A, and which are flanked by pericentromeres. The three-dimensional organization of centromeric chromatin is paramount for its functionality and its ability to withstand spindle forces. Alongside CENP-A, key contributors to the folding of this structure include components of the Constitutive Centromere-Associated Network (CCAN), the protein CENP-B, and condensin and cohesin complexes. Despite its importance, the intricate architecture of the regional centromere of vertebrates remains largely unknown. Recent advancements in long-read sequencing, super-resolution and cryo-electron microscopy, and chromosome conformation capture techniques have significantly improved our understanding of this structure at various levels, from the linear arrangement of centromeric sequences and their epigenetic landscape to their higher-order compaction. In this review, we discuss the latest insights on centromere organization and place them in the context of recent findings describing a bipartite higher-order organization of the centromere.
摘要：
着丝粒是专门研究姐妹染色单体内聚的染色质结构，动球组装，染色体分离过程中的微管附着。脊椎动物的区域着丝粒由组蛋白H3变体CENP-A占据的高度重复序列的长区域组成，两侧是周壁。着丝粒染色质的三维组织对于其功能和承受主轴力的能力至关重要。在CENP-A旁边，这种结构折叠的主要贡献者包括本构中心粒相关网络(CCAN)的组成部分，蛋白质CENP-B，凝聚素和粘附素复合物。尽管它很重要,脊椎动物区域着丝粒的复杂结构在很大程度上仍然未知。长读测序的最新进展，超分辨率和低温电子显微镜，和染色体构象捕获技术大大改善了我们在各个层面对这种结构的理解，从着丝粒序列的线性排列及其表观遗传景观到其高阶压实。在这次审查中,我们讨论了关于着丝粒组织的最新见解，并将它们放在最近的发现中，这些发现描述了着丝粒的双向高阶组织。
