Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: Pediatric lung tumors are primarily discussed in the surgical literature. However, limited research has been reported on their imaging findings, and only a few tumor types have been documented. Therefore, the aim of this article is to describe the imaging features of primary lung tumors in children.
METHODS: The archives of the pediatric radiology unit were reviewed for primary lung tumors documented between 2007 and 2023. In total, 24 patients (9 girls and 15 boys; aged 5 months to 16 years) were included in the study. Their demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, and histopathologic results were obtained. All imaging studies were reviewed by two radiologists for various findings (e.g., lymphadenopathy, atelectasis, pleural effusion, calcification, multiplicity, pneumothorax, axial and lobar location, laterality, tumor margin, mediastinal shift, contrast enhancement pattern, signal intensity on T1- and T2-weighted images, and diffusion pattern), and a final decision was made by consensus. The mean tumor size was compared between the benign and malignant groups using a t-test.
RESULTS: There were 15 (62.5%) benign tumors, as follows: inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT; n = 10, 41%), hemangioma (n = 2, 8%), pneumocytoma (n = 2, 8%), and mature cystic teratoma (n = 1, 4%). Moreover, there were 9 (37.5%) malignant tumors, as follows: pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB; n = 6, 25%), adenocarcinoma (n = 2, 8%), and lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) (n = 1, 4%). The most frequently reported symptoms were cough, fever, dyspnea, chest pain, and recurrent infection; six patients reported no clinical symptoms. Fifteen tumors (62%) were located in the right lung. The mean tumor diameter at the time of diagnosis was 6.4 ± 3 cm (benign group: 6.7 ± 3.4 cm; malignant group: 6 ± 2.3 cm, P > 0.050). Calcification was present in 80% of the patients with IMT. At the time of diagnosis, two (8.3%) patients were found to have metastasis: one was diagnosed with adenocarcinoma and the other with LELC. Tumors were located peripherally in 18 (75%) patients.
CONCLUSIONS: The symptoms associated with lung masses are non-specific. There is no correlation between tumor size and malignancy. The most common tumors observed in this study were IMT and PPB, respectively. IMT is highly associated with calcification.
CONCLUSIONS: Primary lung tumors are rarely seen in children, and they have different histopathological types. Calcification might be an important radiological clue for the diagnosis of IMT, which is the most common lung tumor in children.
METHODS: The archives of the pediatric radiology unit were reviewed for primary lung tumors documented between 2007 and 2023. In total, 24 patients (9 girls and 15 boys; aged 5 months to 16 years) were included in the study. Their demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, and histopathologic results were obtained. All imaging studies were reviewed by two radiologists for various findings (e.g., lymphadenopathy, atelectasis, pleural effusion, calcification, multiplicity, pneumothorax, axial and lobar location, laterality, tumor margin, mediastinal shift, contrast enhancement pattern, signal intensity on T1- and T2-weighted images, and diffusion pattern), and a final decision was made by consensus. The mean tumor size was compared between the benign and malignant groups using a t-test.
RESULTS: There were 15 (62.5%) benign tumors, as follows: inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT; n = 10, 41%), hemangioma (n = 2, 8%), pneumocytoma (n = 2, 8%), and mature cystic teratoma (n = 1, 4%). Moreover, there were 9 (37.5%) malignant tumors, as follows: pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB; n = 6, 25%), adenocarcinoma (n = 2, 8%), and lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) (n = 1, 4%). The most frequently reported symptoms were cough, fever, dyspnea, chest pain, and recurrent infection; six patients reported no clinical symptoms. Fifteen tumors (62%) were located in the right lung. The mean tumor diameter at the time of diagnosis was 6.4 ± 3 cm (benign group: 6.7 ± 3.4 cm; malignant group: 6 ± 2.3 cm, P > 0.050). Calcification was present in 80% of the patients with IMT. At the time of diagnosis, two (8.3%) patients were found to have metastasis: one was diagnosed with adenocarcinoma and the other with LELC. Tumors were located peripherally in 18 (75%) patients.
CONCLUSIONS: The symptoms associated with lung masses are non-specific. There is no correlation between tumor size and malignancy. The most common tumors observed in this study were IMT and PPB, respectively. IMT is highly associated with calcification.
CONCLUSIONS: Primary lung tumors are rarely seen in children, and they have different histopathological types. Calcification might be an important radiological clue for the diagnosis of IMT, which is the most common lung tumor in children.
摘要：
目的：小儿肺部肿瘤主要在外科文献中讨论。然而,关于他们的成像发现的研究有限，只有少数肿瘤类型被记录。因此,本文的目的是描述儿童原发性肺肿瘤的影像学特征。
方法：对儿科放射科的档案进行了回顾，以记录在2007年至2023年之间的原发性肺肿瘤。总的来说,24名患者（9名女孩和15名男孩；年龄5个月至16岁）被纳入研究。他们的人口特征，临床表现,并获得组织病理学结果。所有影像学研究均由两名放射科医生进行审查，以了解各种发现（例如，淋巴结病，肺不张,胸腔积液,钙化,多重性,气胸,轴向和大叶位置，偏侧性,肿瘤边缘，纵隔移位,对比度增强模式,T1和T2加权图像上的信号强度，和扩散模式)，最后的决定是以协商一致的方式作出的。使用t检验比较良性和恶性组之间的平均肿瘤大小。
结果：有15例（62.5%）良性肿瘤，如下：炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤（IMT；n=10，41%），血管瘤（n=2，8%），肺细胞瘤（n=2，8%），和成熟的囊性畸胎瘤（n=1，4％）。此外，有9例（37.5%）恶性肿瘤，如下：胸膜肺母细胞瘤（PPB；n=6，25%），腺癌（n=2，8%），和淋巴上皮瘤样癌（LELC）（n=1，4％）。最常见的症状是咳嗽，发烧,呼吸困难,胸痛,和反复感染；6例患者报告无临床症状。15例肿瘤（62%）位于右肺。诊断时的平均肿瘤直径为6.4±3cm（良性组：6.7±3.4cm；恶性组：6±2.3cm，P>0.050)。80%的IMT患者存在钙化。在诊断的时候,发现2例(8.3%)患者有转移:1例诊断为腺癌,1例诊断为LELC.18例（75％）患者的肿瘤位于外周。
结论：与肺部肿块相关的症状是非特异性的。肿瘤大小与恶性程度无相关性。在这项研究中观察到的最常见的肿瘤是IMT和PPB，分别。IMT与钙化高度相关。
结论：原发性肺肿瘤在儿童中很少见，它们有不同的组织病理学类型。钙化可能是诊断IMT的重要放射学线索，这是儿童最常见的肺部肿瘤。
方法：对儿科放射科的档案进行了回顾，以记录在2007年至2023年之间的原发性肺肿瘤。总的来说,24名患者（9名女孩和15名男孩；年龄5个月至16岁）被纳入研究。他们的人口特征，临床表现,并获得组织病理学结果。所有影像学研究均由两名放射科医生进行审查，以了解各种发现（例如，淋巴结病，肺不张,胸腔积液,钙化,多重性,气胸,轴向和大叶位置，偏侧性,肿瘤边缘，纵隔移位,对比度增强模式,T1和T2加权图像上的信号强度，和扩散模式)，最后的决定是以协商一致的方式作出的。使用t检验比较良性和恶性组之间的平均肿瘤大小。
结果：有15例（62.5%）良性肿瘤，如下：炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤（IMT；n=10，41%），血管瘤（n=2，8%），肺细胞瘤（n=2，8%），和成熟的囊性畸胎瘤（n=1，4％）。此外，有9例（37.5%）恶性肿瘤，如下：胸膜肺母细胞瘤（PPB；n=6，25%），腺癌（n=2，8%），和淋巴上皮瘤样癌（LELC）（n=1，4％）。最常见的症状是咳嗽，发烧,呼吸困难,胸痛,和反复感染；6例患者报告无临床症状。15例肿瘤（62%）位于右肺。诊断时的平均肿瘤直径为6.4±3cm（良性组：6.7±3.4cm；恶性组：6±2.3cm，P>0.050)。80%的IMT患者存在钙化。在诊断的时候,发现2例(8.3%)患者有转移:1例诊断为腺癌,1例诊断为LELC.18例（75％）患者的肿瘤位于外周。
结论：与肺部肿块相关的症状是非特异性的。肿瘤大小与恶性程度无相关性。在这项研究中观察到的最常见的肿瘤是IMT和PPB，分别。IMT与钙化高度相关。
结论：原发性肺肿瘤在儿童中很少见，它们有不同的组织病理学类型。钙化可能是诊断IMT的重要放射学线索，这是儿童最常见的肺部肿瘤。
