PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
A total of 882 pigs (PIC TR4 × [Fast LW × PIC L02]; initially 33.2 ± 0.31 kg) were used in a 112-d study to evaluate the effects of different bones and analytical methods on the assessment of bone mineralization response to changes in dietary P, phytase, and vitamin D in growing pigs. Pens of pigs (20 pigs per pen) were randomized to one of five dietary treatments with nine pens per treatment. Dietary treatments were designed to create differences in bone mineralization and included: 1) P at 80% of NRC (2012) standardized total tract digestible (STTD) P requirement, 2) NRC STTD P with no phytase, 3) NRC STTD P with phytase providing an assumed release of 0.14% STTD P from 2,000 FYT/kg, 4) high STTD P (128% of the NRC P) using monocalcium phosphate and phytase, and 5) diet 4 with additional vitamin D3 from 25(OH)D3. On day 112, one pig per pen was euthanized for bone, blood, and urine analysis. Additionally, 11 pigs identified as having poor body condition which indicated a history of low feed intake (unhealthy) were sampled. There were no differences between treatments for final body weight, average daily gain, average daily feed intake, gain to feed, or bone ash measurements (treatment × bone interaction) regardless of bone ash method. The response to treatment for bone density and bone mineral content was dependent upon the bone sampled (density interaction, P = 0.053; mineral interaction, P = 0.078). For 10th rib bone density, pigs fed high levels of P had increased (P < 0.05) bone density compared with pigs fed NRC levels with phytase, with pigs fed deficient P, NRC levels of P with no phytase, and high STTD P with extra 25(OH)D3 intermediate, with no differences for metacarpals, fibulas, or 2nd ribs. Pigs fed extra vitamin D from 25(OH)D3 had increased (P < 0.05) 10th rib bone mineral content compared with pigs fed deficient P and NRC levels of P with phytase, with pigs fed industry P and vitamin D, and NRC P with monocalcium intermediate. Healthy pigs had greater (P < 0.05) serum Ca, P, vitamin D concentrations, and defatted bone ash than those unhealthy, with no difference between the two health statuses for non-defatted bone ash. In summary, differences between bone ash procedures were more apparent than differences between diets. Differences in bone density and mineral content in response to dietary P and vitamin D were most apparent with 10th ribs.
Lameness is defined as impaired movement or deviation from normal gait. The evaluation of bone mineralization can be an important component of a diagnostic investigation of lameness. Lameness in growing pigs can cause an increase in morbidity and mortality, which leads to economic losses and animal welfare concerns for producers. Calcium and P are the primary minerals in skeletal tissue and their deficiency is considered to be one of the causes of lameness. To evaluate bone mineralization, it is important to know the differences between methodologies used to determine bone ash and the expected differences between the bones analyzed. Furthermore, there has been limited data comparing bone mineralization and serum Ca and P concentrations between healthy pigs and those exhibiting clinical signs of illness (unhealthy). By removing the lipid in the bone (defatting) before the bone is ashed, variation across bones is decreased compared with not removing lipid before ashing (non-defatted). The reduction in variation across bones allows for more differences to be detected among dietary treatments and health statuses of pigs. The 10th rib is more sensitive to detect dietary differences using bone density than metacarpals, fibulas, and 2nd ribs. When comparing healthy vs. unhealthy pigs exhibiting clinical signs of illness, healthy pigs have increased defatted percentage bone ash and serum Ca, P, and vitamin D.
Lameness is defined as impaired movement or deviation from normal gait. The evaluation of bone mineralization can be an important component of a diagnostic investigation of lameness. Lameness in growing pigs can cause an increase in morbidity and mortality, which leads to economic losses and animal welfare concerns for producers. Calcium and P are the primary minerals in skeletal tissue and their deficiency is considered to be one of the causes of lameness. To evaluate bone mineralization, it is important to know the differences between methodologies used to determine bone ash and the expected differences between the bones analyzed. Furthermore, there has been limited data comparing bone mineralization and serum Ca and P concentrations between healthy pigs and those exhibiting clinical signs of illness (unhealthy). By removing the lipid in the bone (defatting) before the bone is ashed, variation across bones is decreased compared with not removing lipid before ashing (non-defatted). The reduction in variation across bones allows for more differences to be detected among dietary treatments and health statuses of pigs. The 10th rib is more sensitive to detect dietary differences using bone density than metacarpals, fibulas, and 2nd ribs. When comparing healthy vs. unhealthy pigs exhibiting clinical signs of illness, healthy pigs have increased defatted percentage bone ash and serum Ca, P, and vitamin D.
摘要：
共882头猪[PICTR4×（FastLW×PICL02）；最初33.2±0.31kg]用于112天的研究，以评估不同骨骼和分析方法对评估骨骼矿化对饮食P变化的反应的影响，植酸酶，和维生素D生长中的猪。将猪的笔(每笔20头猪)随机分配到5个饮食处理中的1个,每个处理9笔。膳食治疗旨在产生骨矿化差异，并包括：1）在NRC（2012）标准的总肠道可消化（STTD）P需求的80％时，2)无植酸酶的NRCSTTDP,3）具有植酸酶的NRCSTTDP从2,000FYT/kg提供0.14％STTDP的假定释放，4）使用磷酸一钙和植酸酶的高STTDP（NRCP的128％），5)饮食4从25(OH)D3中额外添加维生素D3。在第112天，每笔一只猪对骨头实施安乐死，血,尿液分析。此外,对11只被鉴定为具有不良身体状况的猪进行取样,这表明存在低饲料摄入(不健康)的历史。最终体重的治疗之间没有差异，平均每日收益，平均日采食量，获得饲料，或骨灰测量(治疗×骨相互作用)，无论骨灰方法如何。对骨密度和骨矿物质含量的治疗反应取决于骨骼样本(密度相互作用，P=0.053；矿物相互作用，P=0.078)。对于第十肋骨骨密度，与饲喂NRC水平植酸酶的猪相比，饲喂高水平P的猪的骨密度增加（P<0.05），用缺乏磷的猪，没有植酸酶的P的NRC水平，和高STTDP，额外的25（OH）D3中间体，掌骨没有区别，腓骨,或者第二根肋骨。与用植酸酶喂养缺乏P和NRC水平的猪相比，用25（OH）D3喂养额外维生素D的猪增加了（P<0.05）第10肋骨骨矿物质含量，用猪饲喂工业P和维生素D，和NRCP与一钙中间体。健康猪血清Ca含量较高(P<0.05),P,维生素D浓度，和脱脂骨灰比那些不健康的，非脱脂骨灰的两种健康状况没有差异。总之,骨灰程序之间的差异比饮食之间的差异更明显。对饮食P和维生素D的响应，骨密度和矿物质含量的差异在第10根肋骨中最为明显。
