Abstract：
Persistent stallion-like behavior is a common sign of cryptorchidism in supposed geldings. The presence of testicular tissue can be evaluated by analyzing hormones such as testosterone and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH). Here, we used hormonal analysis to investigate relationships between the likely presence of testicular tissue and stallion-like behavior in samples submitted from presumptive geldings (n = 1,202), retrospectively. Most geldings with stallion-like behaviors had serum concentrations of testosterone (851/1,056; 80.6 %) and AMH (682/877; 77.8 %) below the laboratory reference range for cryptorchids (< 60 pg/mL and ≤ 0.15 ng/mL for testosterone and AMH, respectively). A total of 13 samples (13/716; 1.8 %) showed AMH concentrations typical for geldings but testosterone above the cryptorchid range. Conversely, 31 samples (31/716; 4.3 %) had high AMH, suggesting cryptorchidism, but testosterone concentrations implied no testicular tissue. Among the cryptorchid stallions, the AMH and testosterone concentrations did not vary based on the season. However, age categories affected the concentration of both hormones among the presumptive true cryptorchid stallions. The results of this study demonstrate that undesirable behavior in geldings is rarely associated with the presence of testicular tissue, as assessed by these two hormonal biomarkers. This information highlights the complexity of behavior and demonstrates that persistent stallion-like behavior in geldings could be related to factors other than the presence of testicular tissue.
摘要：
持续的种马般的行为是假定的gel中隐睾的常见标志。睾丸组织的存在可以通过分析激素如睾酮和抗苗勒管激素(AMH)来评估。这里,我们使用激素分析来调查可能存在的睾丸组织和种马样行为之间的关系从假定凝胶提交的样品（n=1,202），回顾性。大多数具有种马样行为的凝胶剂的血清睾酮浓度（851/1,056;80.6％）和AMH（682/877;77.8％）低于隐睾的实验室参考范围（<60pg/mL，并且对于睾酮和AMH≤0.15ng/mL，分别)。总共13个样品(13/716;1.8%)显示凝胶的典型AMH浓度,但睾酮高于隐睾范围。相反，31个样品(31/716；4.3%)具有高AMH，暗示隐睾,但睾酮浓度不意味着睾丸组织.在隐睾种马中，AMH和睾酮浓度不因季节而异.然而,年龄类别影响了假定的真隐睾种马中两种激素的浓度。这项研究的结果表明，凝胶的不良行为很少与睾丸组织的存在有关，通过这两种激素生物标志物评估。此信息突出了行为的复杂性，并表明凝胶中持续的种马样行为可能与睾丸组织存在以外的因素有关。
