Avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) is an eating disorder characterized by persistent insufficient nutritional and/or energy intake. Individuals with ARFID exhibit limited food intake and variety, often due to a lack in eating, without the primary goal of weight loss. The limited understanding of avoidant and restrictive eating poses challenges in terms of effective treatment and management, which directly impacts the growth and development of children and adolescents, as well as their nutrition and psychosocial well-being. ARFID is a relatively recent diagnostic classification, representing a burgeoning field of study. The identification of diagnostic criteria and the pursuit of new knowledge in this area have only recently begun. Consequently, assessment tools and treatment strategies are still in the process of development and validation. This narrative review explored the neurobiological perspective of ARFID using the three-dimensional model, examined its etiology and risk factors, evaluated clinical screening and evaluation tools, discussed common clinical complications, and presented different types of nutritional, behavioural, and pharmacological interventions used in ARFID treatment.
避免限制性食物摄入障碍(ARFID)是一种饮食障碍,其特征在于持续的营养和/或能量摄入不足。使用ARFID的个人表现出有限的食物摄入量和品种,通常由于缺乏饮食,没有减肥的主要目标。对回避和限制性饮食的有限理解在有效治疗和管理方面提出了挑战,直接影响儿童和青少年的生长发育,以及他们的营养和社会心理健康。ARFID是一个相对较新的诊断分类,代表一个新兴的研究领域。诊断标准的确定和对这一领域新知识的追求最近才开始。因此,评估工具和治疗策略仍在开发和验证过程中。这篇叙事综述使用三维模型探索了ARFID的神经生物学观点,检查其病因和危险因素,评估的临床筛查和评估工具,讨论了常见的临床并发症,并提供不同类型的营养,行为,以及用于ARFID治疗的药物干预措施。