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Abstract：
Avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) is an eating disorder characterized by persistent insufficient nutritional and/or energy intake. ARFID, before referred to as \"selective eating disorder\", was introduced recently in the DSM-5 as a replacement for and expansion of the previous diagnosis. Individuals with ARFID may limit food variety and intake due to avoidance based on the sensory characteristics of the food or related to any adverse consequences of eating without the intention of losing weight and concerns of body image. The limited understanding of avoidant and restrictive eating poses challenges to effective treatment and management, impacting directly on the growth and development of children and adolescents. The ARFID neurobiological concept has not yet been clearly defined to clinical practice for nutritionists, thereby hindering screening and impeding the development of treatment recommendations. This narrative review provide useful practical information to consult the pathophysiology, the neurobiology, the clinical features, the assessment and the treatment for healthcare professionals seeking to enhance their clinical knowledge and management of this disorder.
Avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) is an eating disorder characterized by persistent insufficient nutritional and/or energy intake. Individuals with ARFID exhibit limited food intake and variety, often due to a lack in eating, without the primary goal of weight loss. The limited understanding of avoidant and restrictive eating poses challenges in terms of effective treatment and management, which directly impacts the growth and development of children and adolescents, as well as their nutrition and psychosocial well-being. ARFID is a relatively recent diagnostic classification, representing a burgeoning field of study. The identification of diagnostic criteria and the pursuit of new knowledge in this area have only recently begun. Consequently, assessment tools and treatment strategies are still in the process of development and validation. This narrative review explored the neurobiological perspective of ARFID using the three-dimensional model, examined its etiology and risk factors, evaluated clinical screening and evaluation tools, discussed common clinical complications, and presented different types of nutritional, behavioural, and pharmacological interventions used in ARFID treatment.
Avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) is an eating disorder characterized by persistent insufficient nutritional and/or energy intake. Individuals with ARFID exhibit limited food intake and variety, often due to a lack in eating, without the primary goal of weight loss. The limited understanding of avoidant and restrictive eating poses challenges in terms of effective treatment and management, which directly impacts the growth and development of children and adolescents, as well as their nutrition and psychosocial well-being. ARFID is a relatively recent diagnostic classification, representing a burgeoning field of study. The identification of diagnostic criteria and the pursuit of new knowledge in this area have only recently begun. Consequently, assessment tools and treatment strategies are still in the process of development and validation. This narrative review explored the neurobiological perspective of ARFID using the three-dimensional model, examined its etiology and risk factors, evaluated clinical screening and evaluation tools, discussed common clinical complications, and presented different types of nutritional, behavioural, and pharmacological interventions used in ARFID treatment.
摘要：
避免性限制性食物摄入障碍(ARFID)是一种饮食障碍,其特征在于持续的营养和/或能量摄入不足。ARFID,之前被称为“选择性进食障碍”，最近在DSM-5中引入，作为先前诊断的替代和扩展。患有ARFID的个体可能会由于基于食物的感官特征或与饮食的任何不利后果相关的避免而限制食物种类和摄入量，而不打算减肥和关注身体形象。对回避和限制性饮食的有限理解对有效治疗和管理提出了挑战，直接影响儿童和青少年的生长发育。ARFID神经生物学概念尚未明确定义为营养学家的临床实践，从而阻碍筛查并阻碍治疗建议的发展。这篇叙述性综述为查阅病理生理学提供了有用的实用信息，神经生物学，临床特征，为寻求提高对这种疾病的临床知识和管理的医疗保健专业人员进行评估和治疗。
避免限制性食物摄入障碍(ARFID)是一种饮食障碍,其特征在于持续的营养和/或能量摄入不足。使用ARFID的个人表现出有限的食物摄入量和品种，通常由于缺乏饮食，没有减肥的主要目标。对回避和限制性饮食的有限理解在有效治疗和管理方面提出了挑战，直接影响儿童和青少年的生长发育，以及他们的营养和社会心理健康。ARFID是一个相对较新的诊断分类，代表一个新兴的研究领域。诊断标准的确定和对这一领域新知识的追求最近才开始。因此,评估工具和治疗策略仍在开发和验证过程中。这篇叙事综述使用三维模型探索了ARFID的神经生物学观点，检查其病因和危险因素，评估的临床筛查和评估工具，讨论了常见的临床并发症，并提供不同类型的营养，行为，以及用于ARFID治疗的药物干预措施。
避免限制性食物摄入障碍(ARFID)是一种饮食障碍,其特征在于持续的营养和/或能量摄入不足。使用ARFID的个人表现出有限的食物摄入量和品种，通常由于缺乏饮食，没有减肥的主要目标。对回避和限制性饮食的有限理解在有效治疗和管理方面提出了挑战，直接影响儿童和青少年的生长发育，以及他们的营养和社会心理健康。ARFID是一个相对较新的诊断分类，代表一个新兴的研究领域。诊断标准的确定和对这一领域新知识的追求最近才开始。因此,评估工具和治疗策略仍在开发和验证过程中。这篇叙事综述使用三维模型探索了ARFID的神经生物学观点，检查其病因和危险因素，评估的临床筛查和评估工具，讨论了常见的临床并发症，并提供不同类型的营养，行为，以及用于ARFID治疗的药物干预措施。
