Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: The gaps at the margins of restorative composite resin can increase as the carious process occurs underneath the materials, causing further demineralization along the tooth cavity wall. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of restorative resin composite containing hydrated calcium silicate (hCS) filler on enamel protection against demineralization by simulating microleakage between the test material and teeth in a cariogenic environment.
METHODS: The experimental resin composites were composed of 70 wt.% filler, which was mixed with a glass filler and hCS in a weight ratio of 70.0% glass (hCS 0), 17.5% hCS + 52.5% glass (hCS 17.5), 35.0% hCS + 35.0% glass (hCS 35.0), and 52.5% hCS + 17.5% glass (hCS 52.5). A light-cured experimental resin composite disk was positioned over a polished bovine enamel disk, separated by a 30-µm gap, and immersed in artificial saliva with pH 4.0 for 15, 30, and 60 days. After the immersion period, the enamel disk was separated from the resin composite disk and evaluated using a microhardness tester, atomic force microscopy, and polarized light microscopy. The opposing sides of the enamel and resin composite disks were observed using scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry.
RESULTS: The enamel surface showed a significant increase in microhardness, decreased roughness, and remineralization layer as the proportion of hCS increased (P < .05). In the scanning electron microscopy image, the enamel surface with hCS 35.0 and 52.5 after all experimental immersion periods, showed a pattern similar to that of a sound tooth.
CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrated that increasing the hCS filler level of restorative resin composites significantly decreased enamel demineralization.
CONCLUSIONS: Hydrated calcium silicate laced restorative resin composites may be a promising dental biomaterial for protecting teeth against demineralization and preventing secondary caries around restorations.
METHODS: The experimental resin composites were composed of 70 wt.% filler, which was mixed with a glass filler and hCS in a weight ratio of 70.0% glass (hCS 0), 17.5% hCS + 52.5% glass (hCS 17.5), 35.0% hCS + 35.0% glass (hCS 35.0), and 52.5% hCS + 17.5% glass (hCS 52.5). A light-cured experimental resin composite disk was positioned over a polished bovine enamel disk, separated by a 30-µm gap, and immersed in artificial saliva with pH 4.0 for 15, 30, and 60 days. After the immersion period, the enamel disk was separated from the resin composite disk and evaluated using a microhardness tester, atomic force microscopy, and polarized light microscopy. The opposing sides of the enamel and resin composite disks were observed using scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry.
RESULTS: The enamel surface showed a significant increase in microhardness, decreased roughness, and remineralization layer as the proportion of hCS increased (P < .05). In the scanning electron microscopy image, the enamel surface with hCS 35.0 and 52.5 after all experimental immersion periods, showed a pattern similar to that of a sound tooth.
CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrated that increasing the hCS filler level of restorative resin composites significantly decreased enamel demineralization.
CONCLUSIONS: Hydrated calcium silicate laced restorative resin composites may be a promising dental biomaterial for protecting teeth against demineralization and preventing secondary caries around restorations.
摘要：
目的：修复复合树脂边缘的间隙会随着材料下方龋齿过程的发生而增加，导致沿牙腔壁进一步脱矿。这项研究的目的是通过模拟在致龋环境中测试材料和牙齿之间的微渗漏，评估含有水合硅酸钙（hCS）填料的修复树脂复合材料对牙釉质防止脱矿质的影响。
方法：实验树脂复合材料由70wt。%填料,将其与玻璃填料和hCS以70.0％玻璃（hCS0）的重量比混合，17.5%hCS+52.5%玻璃(hCS17.5)，35.0%hCS+35.0%玻璃(hCS35.0)，和52.5%hCS+17.5%玻璃(hCS52.5)。将光固化的实验树脂复合材料圆盘放置在抛光的牛搪瓷圆盘上，由30微米的间隙隔开，并浸入pH4.0的人工唾液中15、30和60天。浸泡期后，将搪瓷盘与树脂复合材料盘分离，并使用显微硬度计进行评估，原子力显微镜,和偏振光显微镜。使用扫描电子显微镜/能量色散X射线光谱法观察釉质和树脂复合材料盘的相对侧。
结果：釉质表面显示出显微硬度的显着增加，粗糙度降低，再矿化层随着hCS比例的增加而增加（P<0.05）。在扫描电子显微镜图像中，在所有实验浸泡期后，用hCS35.0和52.5的搪瓷表面，显示出类似于牙齿的图案。
结论：结果表明，增加修复性树脂复合材料的hCS填料水平可显著降低牙釉质脱矿质。
结论：水合硅酸钙镶嵌修复树脂复合材料可能是一种有前途的牙科生物材料，用于保护牙齿免受脱矿质和防止修复体周围的继发性龋齿。
方法：实验树脂复合材料由70wt。%填料,将其与玻璃填料和hCS以70.0％玻璃（hCS0）的重量比混合，17.5%hCS+52.5%玻璃(hCS17.5)，35.0%hCS+35.0%玻璃(hCS35.0)，和52.5%hCS+17.5%玻璃(hCS52.5)。将光固化的实验树脂复合材料圆盘放置在抛光的牛搪瓷圆盘上，由30微米的间隙隔开，并浸入pH4.0的人工唾液中15、30和60天。浸泡期后，将搪瓷盘与树脂复合材料盘分离，并使用显微硬度计进行评估，原子力显微镜,和偏振光显微镜。使用扫描电子显微镜/能量色散X射线光谱法观察釉质和树脂复合材料盘的相对侧。
结果：釉质表面显示出显微硬度的显着增加，粗糙度降低，再矿化层随着hCS比例的增加而增加（P<0.05）。在扫描电子显微镜图像中，在所有实验浸泡期后，用hCS35.0和52.5的搪瓷表面，显示出类似于牙齿的图案。
结论：结果表明，增加修复性树脂复合材料的hCS填料水平可显著降低牙釉质脱矿质。
结论：水合硅酸钙镶嵌修复树脂复合材料可能是一种有前途的牙科生物材料，用于保护牙齿免受脱矿质和防止修复体周围的继发性龋齿。
