关键词: AlphaFold Arsenide Boron Crop improvement Homeostasis Metalloid Selenium Silicon Transporter

来  源:   DOI:10.1093/jxb/erae261

Abstract:
The rhizosphere contains both essential nutrients and potentially harmful substances for plant growth. Plants, as sessile organisms, must efficiently absorb the necessary nutrients while actively avoiding the uptake of toxic compounds. Metalloids, which are elements that exhibit properties of both metals and nonmetals, can have different effects on plant growth, ranging from being essential and beneficial to being toxic. The toxicity of metalloids in plants arises due to either the dosage of exposure or the specific elemental type. To utilize or detoxify these elements, plants have developed various transporters that regulate their uptake and distribution in plants. Arguably, genomic sequence analysis suggests the presence of such transporter families throughout the plant kingdom, from chlorophytes to higher plants. These transporters form defined families with related transport preferences. The isoforms within these families have evolved with specialized functions regulated by defined selectivity. Hence, understanding transporters\' chemistry to atomic detail is important to achieve desired genetic modifications for crop improvement. Here, we outline various adaptations in plant transport systems to deal with metalloids, including their uptake, distribution, detoxification, and homeostasis in plant tissues. Structural parallels are drawn to other nutrient transporter systems to support emerging themes of functional diversity of active sites of transporters, elucidating adaptations of plants to utilize and extrude metalloid concentrations. Considering the observed physiological importance of metalloids, this review intends to highlight the shared and disparate features in metalloid transport systems and their corresponding nutrient transporters.
摘要:
根际含有对植物生长必需的营养物质和潜在的有害物质。植物,作为固着生物,必须有效地吸收必要的营养,同时积极避免摄取有毒化合物。类金属,这些元素表现出金属和非金属的特性,会对植物生长产生不同的影响,从必不可少和有益到有毒。植物中类金属的毒性是由于暴露剂量或特定元素类型引起的。利用或解毒这些元素,植物已经开发出各种转运蛋白来调节它们在植物中的吸收和分布。可以说,基因组序列分析表明在整个植物界都存在这样的转运蛋白家族,从绿藻植物到高等植物。这些运输者形成了具有相关运输偏好的定义家庭。这些家族中的同种型已经进化出具有由确定的选择性调节的专门功能。因此,了解运输者的化学原子细节对于实现作物改良所需的遗传修饰很重要。这里,我们概述了植物运输系统中处理类金属的各种适应,包括它们的摄取,分布,排毒,和植物组织的稳态。与其他营养素转运系统的结构相似,以支持转运蛋白活性位点功能多样性的新兴主题,阐明植物对利用和挤出准金属浓度的适应。考虑到观察到的类金属的生理重要性,这篇综述旨在强调类金属运输系统及其相应营养素转运蛋白的共同和不同特征。
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