PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: Orchitis is a common reproductive disease of male animals, which has serious implications to human and animal reproduction. Additionally, phlorizin (PHN), a common polyphenol in apples and strawberries, has a variety of biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and anti-aging activities. We aimed to determine the protective effects and potential mechanisms of PHN in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute orchitis in mice.
UNASSIGNED: After 21 days of PHN pretreatment, mice were injected with LPS to induce testicular inflammation, and then the changes of testicular tissue structure, expression of inflammatory factors, testosterone level, expression of testosterone-related genes, adhesion gene and protein expression were detected, and the structural changes in the intestinal flora after PHN treatment were further detected by 16SRNA.
UNASSIGNED: Our results demonstrated that PHN treatment reduced LPS-induced testicular injury and body and testicular weight losses. The mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines-related genes and antioxidant enzyme activity were also decreased and elevated, respectively, by PHN administration; however, PHN treatment also reduced the LPS-induced decrease in testosterone levels in the testes. Additionally, further studies found that PHN increased the expression of marker proteins zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin associated with the blood testosterone barrier compared with that in LPS treatment groups. To further examine the potential mechanisms of the protective effect of PHN on LPS-induced testicular injury, we compared the differences of gut microbiota compositions between the 100 mg/kg PHN treatment group and the control group using 16SRNA. Metagenomic analyses indicated that the abundances of Bacteroidetes, Muribaculaceae, Lactobacillaceae, uncultured bacterium f Muribaculaceae, and Lactobacillus in the PHN treatment group improved, while potential microbes that can induce intestinal diseases, including Verrucomicrobia, Epsilonbacteraeota, Akkermansiaceae, and Akkermansia decreased in the PHN treatment group.
UNASSIGNED: Our results indicate that PHN pretreatment might alleviate orchitis by altering the composition of gut microflora, which may provide a reference for reducing the occurrence of acute orchitis in male animals.
UNASSIGNED: After 21 days of PHN pretreatment, mice were injected with LPS to induce testicular inflammation, and then the changes of testicular tissue structure, expression of inflammatory factors, testosterone level, expression of testosterone-related genes, adhesion gene and protein expression were detected, and the structural changes in the intestinal flora after PHN treatment were further detected by 16SRNA.
UNASSIGNED: Our results demonstrated that PHN treatment reduced LPS-induced testicular injury and body and testicular weight losses. The mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines-related genes and antioxidant enzyme activity were also decreased and elevated, respectively, by PHN administration; however, PHN treatment also reduced the LPS-induced decrease in testosterone levels in the testes. Additionally, further studies found that PHN increased the expression of marker proteins zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin associated with the blood testosterone barrier compared with that in LPS treatment groups. To further examine the potential mechanisms of the protective effect of PHN on LPS-induced testicular injury, we compared the differences of gut microbiota compositions between the 100 mg/kg PHN treatment group and the control group using 16SRNA. Metagenomic analyses indicated that the abundances of Bacteroidetes, Muribaculaceae, Lactobacillaceae, uncultured bacterium f Muribaculaceae, and Lactobacillus in the PHN treatment group improved, while potential microbes that can induce intestinal diseases, including Verrucomicrobia, Epsilonbacteraeota, Akkermansiaceae, and Akkermansia decreased in the PHN treatment group.
UNASSIGNED: Our results indicate that PHN pretreatment might alleviate orchitis by altering the composition of gut microflora, which may provide a reference for reducing the occurrence of acute orchitis in male animals.
摘要：
■睾丸炎是雄性动物常见的生殖疾病,这对人类和动物的繁殖有严重影响。此外,根皮苷（PHN），苹果和草莓中的一种常见多酚，具有多种生物活性，包括抗氧化剂，抗炎,抗糖尿病，和抗衰老活动。我们旨在确定PHN对脂多糖（LPS）诱导的小鼠急性睾丸炎的保护作用和潜在机制。
■PHN预处理21天后，小鼠注射LPS诱导睾丸炎症，然后是睾丸组织结构的改变，炎症因子的表达，睾酮水平,睾酮相关基因的表达，检测粘附基因和蛋白表达,16SRNA进一步检测PHN处理后肠道菌群的结构变化。
■我们的结果表明，PHN治疗减少了LPS诱导的睾丸损伤以及身体和睾丸的体重减轻。促炎细胞因子相关基因和抗氧化酶活性的mRNA表达水平也降低和升高,分别,由PHN管理；然而，PHN治疗还降低了LPS诱导的睾丸中睾酮水平的降低。此外,进一步研究发现，与LPS治疗组相比，PHN增加了与血液睾酮屏障相关的标记蛋白zonulaoccludens-1（ZO-1）和occludin的表达。为了进一步研究PHN对LPS诱导的睾丸损伤的保护作用的潜在机制，我们使用16SRNA比较了100mg/kgPHN治疗组与对照组之间肠道菌群组成的差异。宏基因组分析表明，拟杆菌的丰度，Muribaculaceae,乳酸杆菌科，未培养的细菌，PHN治疗组的乳酸菌有所改善，虽然潜在的微生物可以诱发肠道疾病，包括Verrucomicrobia,麻藻杆菌,Akkermansiaceae，PHN治疗组的Akkermansia下降。
■我们的结果表明，PHN预处理可能通过改变肠道菌群的组成来缓解睾丸炎，为减少雄性动物急性睾丸炎的发生提供参考。
■PHN预处理21天后，小鼠注射LPS诱导睾丸炎症，然后是睾丸组织结构的改变，炎症因子的表达，睾酮水平,睾酮相关基因的表达，检测粘附基因和蛋白表达,16SRNA进一步检测PHN处理后肠道菌群的结构变化。
■我们的结果表明，PHN治疗减少了LPS诱导的睾丸损伤以及身体和睾丸的体重减轻。促炎细胞因子相关基因和抗氧化酶活性的mRNA表达水平也降低和升高,分别,由PHN管理；然而，PHN治疗还降低了LPS诱导的睾丸中睾酮水平的降低。此外,进一步研究发现，与LPS治疗组相比，PHN增加了与血液睾酮屏障相关的标记蛋白zonulaoccludens-1（ZO-1）和occludin的表达。为了进一步研究PHN对LPS诱导的睾丸损伤的保护作用的潜在机制，我们使用16SRNA比较了100mg/kgPHN治疗组与对照组之间肠道菌群组成的差异。宏基因组分析表明，拟杆菌的丰度，Muribaculaceae,乳酸杆菌科，未培养的细菌，PHN治疗组的乳酸菌有所改善，虽然潜在的微生物可以诱发肠道疾病，包括Verrucomicrobia,麻藻杆菌,Akkermansiaceae，PHN治疗组的Akkermansia下降。
■我们的结果表明，PHN预处理可能通过改变肠道菌群的组成来缓解睾丸炎，为减少雄性动物急性睾丸炎的发生提供参考。
