PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Axonal outgrowth after stroke plays an important role in tissue repair and is critical for functional recovery. In the peri-infarct area of a rat middle cerebral artery occlusion model, we found that the axons and dendrites that had fallen off in the acute phase of stroke (7 days) were regenerated in the chronic phase of stroke (56 days). In vitro, we showed that phosphatase tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10/Akt/Glycogen synthase kinase 3β signaling is implicated in postischemic axonal regeneration. In a rat model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, oral administration of L-carnitine induced axonal and oligodendrocyte regeneration in the cerebral white matter, resulting in myelin thickening, and it improved cognitive impairment in rats with chronic cerebral ischemia. Recently, it has been shown that exosomes enhanced functional recovery after stroke. Exosome treatment has less tumorigenicity, does not occlude the microvascular system, has low immunogenicity, and does not require a host immune response compared to conventional cell therapy. Several studies demonstrated specific microRNA in exosomes, which regulated signaling pathways related to neurogenesis after stroke. Collectively, there are various mechanisms of axonal regeneration and functional recovery after stroke, and it is expected that new therapeutic agents for stroke with the aim of axonal regeneration will be developed and used in real-world clinical practice in the future.
摘要：
中风后轴突生长在组织修复中起重要作用，对功能恢复至关重要。在大鼠大脑中动脉闭塞模型的梗死周围区,我们发现，在中风急性期（7天）脱落的轴突和树突在中风慢性期（56天）再生。体外，我们表明，10号染色体上缺失的磷酸酶张力蛋白同源物/Akt/糖原合成酶激酶3β信号与缺血后轴突再生有关。在慢性脑低灌注的大鼠模型中，口服L-肉碱诱导脑白质轴突和少突胶质细胞再生，导致髓鞘增厚，改善慢性脑缺血大鼠的认知障碍。最近,研究表明,外泌体可增强卒中后的功能恢复.外泌体治疗的致瘤性较低，不会阻塞微血管系统，免疫原性低,与常规细胞疗法相比，不需要宿主免疫反应。一些研究证明了外泌体中特定的microRNA，调节与卒中后神经发生相关的信号通路。总的来说，中风后轴突再生和功能恢复有多种机制，预计未来将开发新的以轴突再生为目标的中风治疗药物并用于现实世界的临床实践。
