Abstract：
Human red blood cells (RBCs) undergo ionic leakage through passive diffusion during refrigerated storage, affecting their quality and health. We investigated the dynamics of ionic leakage in human RBCs over a 20-day refrigerated storage period using extracellular ion quantification and dielectrophoresis (DEP). Four type O- human blood donors were examined to assess the relationship between extracellular ion concentrations (Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, and Fe2+), RBC cytoplasm conductivity, and membrane conductance. A consistent negative correlation between RBC cytoplasm conductivity and membrane conductance, termed the \"ionic leakage profile\" (ILP), was observed across the 20-day storage period. Specifically, we noted a gradual decline in DEP-measured RBC cytoplasm conductivity alongside an increase in membrane conductance. Further examination of the electrical origins of this ILP using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry revealed a relative decrease in extracellular Na+ concentration and an increase in K+ concentration over the storage period. Correlation of these extracellular ion concentrations with DEP-measured RBC electrical properties demonstrated a direct link between changes in the cytoplasmic and membrane domains and the leakage and transport of K+ and Na+ ions across the cell membrane. Our analysis suggests that the inverse correlation between RBC cytoplasm and membrane conductance is primarily driven by the passive diffusion of K+ from the cytoplasm and the concurrent diffusion of Na+ from the extracellular buffer into the membrane, resulting in a conductive reduction in the cytoplasmic domain and a subsequent increase in the membrane. The ILP\'s consistent negative trend across all donors suggests that it could serve as a metric for quantifying blood bank storage age, predicting the quality and health of refrigerated RBCs.
摘要：
人类红细胞（RBC）在冷藏期间通过被动扩散经历离子泄漏，影响他们的质量和健康。我们使用细胞外离子定量和介电泳（DEP）研究了在20天冷藏存储期内人类红细胞中离子泄漏的动力学。对四种类型的O-人类献血者进行了检查，以评估细胞外离子浓度（Na+，K+,Mg2+,Ca2+,和Fe2+)，红细胞质电导率,和膜电导。红细胞浆电导率与膜电导率呈一致负相关,称为“离子泄漏剖面”(ILP)，在20天的储存期内观察到。具体来说,我们注意到DEP测量的RBC细胞质电导率随着膜电导率的增加而逐渐下降。使用电感耦合等离子体质谱法进一步检查该ILP的电起源，发现在储存期内，细胞外Na浓度相对降低，K浓度增加。这些细胞外离子浓度与DEP测量的RBC电特性的相关性表明，细胞质和膜结构域的变化与K和Na离子穿过细胞膜的泄漏和转运之间存在直接联系。我们的分析表明，RBC细胞质和膜电导之间的负相关主要是由K从细胞质的被动扩散和Na从细胞外缓冲液同时扩散到膜中驱动的。导致细胞质结构域的传导性减少和随后的膜增加。ILP在所有捐献者中的一致负面趋势表明，它可以作为量化血库储存年龄的指标，预测冷藏红细胞的质量和健康状况。
