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Abstract：
Herbal medicine combined with nanoparticles has caught much interest in clinical dental practice, yet the incorporation of chitosan with Salvadora persica (S. persica) extract as an oral care product has not been explored. The aim of this study was to evaluate the combined effectiveness of Salvadora persica(S. persica) and Chitosan nanoparticles (ChNPs) against oropharyngeal microorganisms. Agar well diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration, and minimal lethal concentration assays were used to assess the antimicrobial activity of different concentrations of ethanolic extracts of S. persica and ChNPs against selected fungal strains, Gram-positive, and Gram-negative bacteria. A mixture of 10% S. persica and 0.5% ChNPs was prepared (SChNPs) and its synergistic effect against the tested microbes was evaluated. Furthermore, the strain that was considered most sensitive was subjected to a 24-h treatment with SChNPs mixture; and examined using SEM, FT-IR and GC-MS analysis. S. persica extract and ChNPs exhibited concentration-dependent antimicrobial activities against all tested strains. S. persica extract and ChNPs at 10% were most effective against S. pneumoni, K. pneumoni, and C. albicans. SEM images confirmed the synergistic effect of the SChNPs mixture, revealing S. pneumonia cells with increased irregularity and higher cell lysis compared to the individual solutions. GC-MS and FT-IR analysis of SChNPs showed many active antimicrobial phytocompounds and some additional peaks, respectively. The synergy of the mixture of SChNPs in the form of mouth-rinsing solutions can be a promising approach for the control of oropharyngeal microbes that are implicated in viral secondary bacterial infections.
摘要：
草药与纳米颗粒的结合在临床牙科实践中引起了极大的兴趣，然而，壳聚糖与Salvadorapersica的掺入(S.persica）提取物作为口腔护理产品尚未被探索。这项研究的目的是评估Salvadorapersica（S.桃子）和壳聚糖纳米颗粒（ChNP）对抗口咽微生物。琼脂良好扩散，最小抑制浓度,和最小致死浓度测定用于评估不同浓度的S.persica和ChNP的乙醇提取物对选定的真菌菌株的抗菌活性，革兰氏阳性,和革兰氏阴性细菌。制备10%干S和0.5%ChNP的混合物(SChNP),并评价其对测试的微生物的协同作用。此外，认为最敏感的菌株用SChNP混合物进行24小时处理；并使用SEM检查，FT-IR和GC-MS分析。桃子提取物和ChNP对所有测试菌株均表现出浓度依赖性抗菌活性。桃子提取物和10%的ChNPs对肺炎链球菌最有效，K.肺炎，还有白色念珠菌.SEM图像证实了SChNP混合物的协同作用，与单独的溶液相比，肺炎链球菌细胞不规则性增加，细胞裂解增加。SChNPs的GC-MS和FT-IR分析显示许多活性抗菌植物化合物和一些额外的峰，分别。口腔冲洗溶液形式的SChNP混合物的协同作用可以是控制与病毒性继发细菌感染有关的口咽微生物的有希望的方法。
