PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Commercial fisheries along the US West Coast are important components of local and regional economies. They use various fishing gear, target a high diversity of species, and are highly spatially heterogeneous, making it challenging to generate a synoptic picture of fisheries activity in the region. Still, understanding the spatial and temporal dynamics of US West Coast fisheries is critical to meet the US legal mandate to manage fisheries sustainably and to better coordinate activities among a growing number of users of ocean space, including offshore renewable energy, aquaculture, shipping, and interactions with habitats and key non-fishery species such as seabirds and marine mammals. We analyzed vessel tracking data from Vessel Monitoring System (VMS) from 2010 to 2017 to generate high-resolution spatio-temporal estimates of contemporary fishing effort across a wide range of commercial fisheries along the entire US West Coast. We identified over 247,000 fishing trips across the entire VMS data, covering over 25 different fisheries. We validated the spatial accuracy of our analyses using independent estimates of spatial groundfish fisheries effort generated through the NOAA\'s National Marine Fisheries Service Observer Program. Additionally, for commercial groundfish fisheries operating in federal waters in California, we combined the VMS data with landings and ex-vessel value data from California commercial fisheries landings receipts to generate highly resolved estimates of landings and ex-vessel value, matching over 38,000 fish tickets with VMS data that included 87% of the landings and 76% of the ex-vessel value for groundfish. We highlight fisheries-specific and spatially-resolved patterns of effort, landings, and ex-vessel value, a bimodal distribution of fishing effort with respect to depth, and variable and generally declining effort over eight years. The information generated by our study can help inform future sustainable spatial fisheries management and other activities in the marine environment including offshore renewable energy planning.
摘要：
美国西海岸的商业渔业是当地和区域经济的重要组成部分。他们使用各种渔具，目标是高度多样性的物种，并且在空间上高度异质，这使得很难生成该地区渔业活动的概况。尽管如此，了解美国西海岸渔业的时空动态对于满足美国可持续管理渔业的法律要求以及更好地协调越来越多的海洋空间使用者之间的活动至关重要。包括海上可再生能源，水产养殖,航运,以及与栖息地和海鸟和海洋哺乳动物等关键非渔业物种的相互作用。我们分析了2010年至2017年船舶监测系统（VMS）的船舶跟踪数据，以生成整个美国西海岸各种商业渔业的当代捕捞努力的高分辨率时空估计。我们在整个VMS数据中确定了超过247,000次钓鱼旅行，覆盖超过25种不同的渔业。我们使用通过NOAA的国家海洋渔业服务观察员计划产生的空间底鱼渔业努力的独立估计来验证我们分析的空间准确性。此外,在加州联邦水域经营的商业底鱼渔业，我们将VMS数据与来自加利福尼亚商业渔业登陆收据的登陆和船只价值数据相结合，以生成高度解析的登陆和船只价值估计，将超过38,000张鱼票与VMS数据进行匹配，其中包括87％的着陆量和76％的底鱼前船价值。我们强调特定于渔业和空间分辨的努力模式，登陆,和船只价值，捕捞努力量相对于深度的双峰分布，以及八年来可变且总体上下降的努力。我们研究产生的信息可以帮助为未来的可持续空间渔业管理和海洋环境中的其他活动提供信息，包括海上可再生能源规划。
