Abstract：
Japanese Encephalitis remains a significant global health concern, contributing to millions of deaths annually worldwide. Microglial cells, as key innate immune cells within the central nervous system (CNS), exhibit intricate cellular structures and possess molecular phenotypic plasticity, playing pivotal roles in immune responses during CNS viral infections. Particularly under viral inflammatory conditions, microglial cells orchestrate innate and adaptive immune responses to mitigate viral invasion and dampen inflammatory reactions. This review article comprehensively summarizes the pathophysiology of viral invasion into the CNS and the cellular interactions involved, elucidating the roles of various immune mediators, including pro-inflammatory cytokines, in neuroinflammation. Leveraging this knowledge, strategies for modulating inflammatory responses and attenuating hyperactivation of glial cells to mitigate viral replication within the brain are discussed. Furthermore, current chemotherapeutic and antiviral drugs are examined, elucidating their mechanisms of action against viral replication. This review aims to provide insights into therapeutic interventions for Japanese Encephalitis and related viral infections, ultimately contributing to improved outcomes for affected individuals.
摘要：
日本脑炎仍然是一个重要的全球健康问题，每年在全世界造成数百万人死亡。小胶质细胞,作为中枢神经系统（CNS）内的关键先天性免疫细胞，表现出复杂的细胞结构，并具有分子表型可塑性，在中枢神经系统病毒感染期间的免疫反应中起关键作用。特别是在病毒性炎症条件下，小胶质细胞协调先天和适应性免疫反应，以减轻病毒侵袭和抑制炎症反应。这篇综述文章全面总结了病毒侵入中枢神经系统的病理生理学和所涉及的细胞相互作用，阐明各种免疫介质的作用，包括促炎细胞因子,神经炎症。利用这些知识，讨论了调节炎症反应和减弱神经胶质细胞过度活化以减轻脑内病毒复制的策略。此外，目前的化疗和抗病毒药物进行了检查，阐明其对抗病毒复制的作用机制。这篇综述旨在提供对日本脑炎和相关病毒感染的治疗干预措施的见解。最终有助于改善受影响个体的结果。
