Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Despite the substantial global impact of influenza, there are limited economic data to guide influenza vaccination programs investments in middle-income countries. We measured the costs of influenza and the costs of an influenza vaccination program in Armenia, using a societal perspective.
METHODS: During December 2022 through March 2023, retrospective cost data were collected from case-patients and healthcare providers through structured questionnaires at 15 healthcare facilities selected through stratified sampling. Medical costs included medications, laboratory costs, laboratory and diagnostic tests, and routine health care service costs and direct and indirect societal costs were included. Vaccination program costs from the 2021-2022 influenza season were identified using accounting records and categorized as: planning, distribution, training, social mobilization and outreach, supervision and monitoring, procurement, and national- and facility-level administration and storage.
RESULTS: The mean costs per episode for SARI and ILI case-patients were $US 823.6 and $US 616.57, respectively. Healthcare service costs were the largest direct expenses for ILI and SARI case-patients. Total costs of the 2021-2022 influenza vaccination program to the government were $US 4,353,738, with the largest costs associated with national- and facility-level administration and storage (30% and 65% respectively). The total cost per dose administered was $US 25.61 ($US 7.73 per dose for procurement and $US 17.88 for the marginal administration cost per dose).
CONCLUSIONS: These data on the costs of seasonal influenza prevention programs and the societal costs of influenza illness in Armenia may inform national vaccine policy decisions in Armenia and may be useful for other middle-income countries. Influenza vaccines, like other vaccine programs, are recognized as substantially contributing to the reduction disease burden and associated mortality and further driving economic growth. However, a formal cost-effectiveness analysis should be performed once burden of disease data are available.
METHODS: During December 2022 through March 2023, retrospective cost data were collected from case-patients and healthcare providers through structured questionnaires at 15 healthcare facilities selected through stratified sampling. Medical costs included medications, laboratory costs, laboratory and diagnostic tests, and routine health care service costs and direct and indirect societal costs were included. Vaccination program costs from the 2021-2022 influenza season were identified using accounting records and categorized as: planning, distribution, training, social mobilization and outreach, supervision and monitoring, procurement, and national- and facility-level administration and storage.
RESULTS: The mean costs per episode for SARI and ILI case-patients were $US 823.6 and $US 616.57, respectively. Healthcare service costs were the largest direct expenses for ILI and SARI case-patients. Total costs of the 2021-2022 influenza vaccination program to the government were $US 4,353,738, with the largest costs associated with national- and facility-level administration and storage (30% and 65% respectively). The total cost per dose administered was $US 25.61 ($US 7.73 per dose for procurement and $US 17.88 for the marginal administration cost per dose).
CONCLUSIONS: These data on the costs of seasonal influenza prevention programs and the societal costs of influenza illness in Armenia may inform national vaccine policy decisions in Armenia and may be useful for other middle-income countries. Influenza vaccines, like other vaccine programs, are recognized as substantially contributing to the reduction disease burden and associated mortality and further driving economic growth. However, a formal cost-effectiveness analysis should be performed once burden of disease data are available.
摘要：
背景：尽管流感对全球有重大影响，有有限的经济数据来指导在中等收入国家的流感疫苗接种计划的投资。我们测量了亚美尼亚流感的成本和流感疫苗接种计划的成本，用社会视角。
方法：在2022年12月至2023年3月期间，通过分层抽样选择的15个医疗机构，通过结构化问卷从病例患者和医疗保健提供者那里收集回顾性成本数据。医疗费用包括药物，实验室费用,实验室和诊断测试，和常规医疗保健服务成本以及直接和间接社会成本被包括在内。使用会计记录确定了2021-2022流感季节的疫苗接种计划成本，并将其分类为：计划，分布，培训,社会动员和外展，监督和监测，采购,以及国家和设施级的管理和存储。
结果：SARI和ILI病例患者每次发作的平均费用分别为823.6美元和616.57美元。医疗保健服务费用是ILI和SARI病例患者的最大直接费用。2021-2022年流感疫苗接种计划的总成本为4,353,738美元，其中与国家和设施级管理和储存相关的最大成本（分别为30％和65％）。每剂施用的总费用为25.61美元(采购每剂7.73美元,每剂边际施用费用17.88美元)。
结论：这些关于亚美尼亚季节性流感预防计划的成本和流感疾病的社会成本的数据可能为亚美尼亚的国家疫苗政策决定提供信息，并可能对其他中等收入国家有用。流感疫苗,像其他疫苗计划一样，被认为大大有助于减少疾病负担和相关死亡率，并进一步推动经济增长。然而,一旦获得疾病负担数据,就应进行正式的成本-效果分析.
方法：在2022年12月至2023年3月期间，通过分层抽样选择的15个医疗机构，通过结构化问卷从病例患者和医疗保健提供者那里收集回顾性成本数据。医疗费用包括药物，实验室费用,实验室和诊断测试，和常规医疗保健服务成本以及直接和间接社会成本被包括在内。使用会计记录确定了2021-2022流感季节的疫苗接种计划成本，并将其分类为：计划，分布，培训,社会动员和外展，监督和监测，采购,以及国家和设施级的管理和存储。
结果：SARI和ILI病例患者每次发作的平均费用分别为823.6美元和616.57美元。医疗保健服务费用是ILI和SARI病例患者的最大直接费用。2021-2022年流感疫苗接种计划的总成本为4,353,738美元，其中与国家和设施级管理和储存相关的最大成本（分别为30％和65％）。每剂施用的总费用为25.61美元(采购每剂7.73美元,每剂边际施用费用17.88美元)。
结论：这些关于亚美尼亚季节性流感预防计划的成本和流感疾病的社会成本的数据可能为亚美尼亚的国家疫苗政策决定提供信息，并可能对其他中等收入国家有用。流感疫苗,像其他疫苗计划一样，被认为大大有助于减少疾病负担和相关死亡率，并进一步推动经济增长。然而,一旦获得疾病负担数据,就应进行正式的成本-效果分析.
