Abstract：
Lipases are remarkable biocatalysts, adept at catalyzing the breakdown of diverse compounds into glycerol, fatty acids, and mono- and di-glycerides via hydrolysis. Beyond this, they facilitate esterification, transesterification, alcoholysis, acidolysis, and more, making them versatile in industrial applications. In industrial processes, lipases that exhibit high stability are favored as they can withstand harsh conditions. However, most native lipases are unable to endure adverse conditions, making them unsuitable for industrial use. Protein engineering proves to be a potent technology in the development of lipases that can function effectively under challenging conditions and fulfill criteria for various industrial processes. This review concentrated on new trends in protein engineering to enhance the diversity of lipase genes and employed in silico methods for predicting and comprehensively analyzing target mutations in lipases. Additionally, key molecular factors associated with industrial characteristics of lipases, including thermostability, solvent tolerance, catalytic activity, and substrate preference have been elucidated. The present review delved into how industrial traits can be enhanced through directed evolution (epPCR, gene shuffling), rational design (FRESCO, ASR), combined engineering strategies (i.e. CAST, ISM, and FRISM) as protein engineering methodologies in contexts of biodiesel production, food processing, and applications of detergent, pharmaceutics, and plastic degradation.
摘要：
脂肪酶是显著的生物催化剂，擅长催化各种化合物分解成甘油，脂肪酸，和甘油单酯和甘油二酯通过水解。除此之外,它们促进酯化，酯交换,醇解,酸解,还有更多,使它们在工业应用中多才多艺。在工业过程中,表现出高稳定性的脂肪酶是有利的,因为它们可以承受苛刻的条件。然而,大多数天然脂肪酶无法承受不利的条件，使它们不适合工业使用。蛋白质工程被证明是开发脂肪酶的有效技术，该脂肪酶可以在具有挑战性的条件下有效发挥作用并满足各种工业过程的标准。这篇综述集中于蛋白质工程的新趋势，以增强脂肪酶基因的多样性，并采用计算机方法预测和综合分析脂肪酶中的目标突变。此外,与脂肪酶工业特性相关的关键分子因素，包括热稳定性，耐溶剂性,催化活性，和底物偏好已经被阐明。本综述探讨了如何通过定向进化来增强工业性状(epPCR，基因洗牌)，合理的设计(FRESCO，ASR),联合工程策略(即CAST，ISM,和FRISM）作为生物柴油生产环境中的蛋白质工程方法，食品加工,和洗涤剂的应用，药剂学,和塑料降解。
