Abstract：
Plastics constitute a vast array of substances, with over 16000 known plastic chemicals, including intentionally and non-intentionally added substances. Thousands of chemicals, including toxic ones, are extractable from plastics, however, the extent to which these compounds migrate from everyday products into food or water remains poorly understood. This study aims to characterize the endocrine and metabolism disrupting activity, as well as the chemical composition of migrates from plastic food contact articles (FCAs) from four countries as significant sources of human exposure. Fourteen plastic FCAs covering seven polymer types with high global market shares were migrated into water and a water-ethanol mixture as food simulants according to European regulations. The migrates were analyzed using reporter gene assays for nuclear receptors relevant to human health and non-target chemical analysis to characterize the chemical composition. Chemicals migrating from each FCA interfered with at least two nuclear receptors, predominantly targeting pregnane X receptor (24/28 migrates). Moreover, peroxisome proliferator receptor gamma was activated by 19 out of 28 migrates, though mostly with lower potencies. Estrogenic and antiandrogenic activity was detected in eight and seven migrates, respectively. Fewer chemicals and less toxicity migrated into water compared to the water-ethanol mixture. However, 73 % of the 15 430 extractable chemical features also transferred into food simulants, and the water-ethanol migrates exhibited a similar toxicity prevalence compared to methanol extracts. The chemical complexity differed largely between FCAs, with 8 to 10631 chemical features migrating into food simulants. Using stepwise partial least squares regressions, we successfully narrowed down the list of potential active chemicals, identified known endocrine disrupting chemicals, such as triphenyl phosphate, and prioritized chemical features for further identification. This study demonstrates the migration of endocrine and metabolism disrupting chemicals from plastic FCAs into food simulants, rendering a migration of these compounds into food and beverages probable.
摘要：
塑料构成了大量的物质，有超过16000种已知的塑料化学品，包括故意和非故意添加的物质。成千上万的化学品，包括有毒的，可以从塑料中提取，然而,这些化合物从日常产品迁移到食物或水中的程度仍然知之甚少。本研究旨在表征内分泌和代谢干扰活动，以及来自四个国家的塑料食品接触制品（FCA）中迁移的化学成分是人类暴露的重要来源。根据欧洲法规，涵盖七种具有高全球市场份额的聚合物类型的14种塑料FCA迁移到水和水-乙醇混合物中作为食品模拟物。使用与人类健康相关的核受体的报告基因测定和非目标化学分析来分析迀移物,以表征化学组成。从每个FCA迁移的化学物质干扰了至少两个核受体，主要针对孕烷X受体（24/28迁移）。此外，过氧化物酶体增殖物受体γ被28个迁移物中的19个激活，虽然大多具有较低的效力。在八个和七个迁徙者中检测到雌激素和抗雄激素活性，分别。与水-乙醇混合物相比，迁移到水中的化学物质更少，毒性更小。然而,15430个可提取的化学特征中有73％也转移到了食品模拟物中，与甲醇提取物相比，水-乙醇迁移表现出相似的毒性流行率。FCA之间的化学复杂性差异很大，具有8到10631个化学特征迁移到食品模拟物中。使用逐步偏最小二乘回归，我们成功地缩小了潜在活性化学物质的范围，确定了已知的内分泌干扰化学物质，如磷酸三苯酯，和优先的化学特征，以进一步识别。这项研究表明，破坏内分泌和代谢的化学物质从塑料FCA迁移到食品模拟物中，使这些化合物有可能迁移到食品和饮料中。
