Abstract：
Pseudorabies virus (PRV), an alphaherpesvirus, is a neglected zoonotic pathogen. Dectin-1 sensing of β-glucan (BG) induces trained immunity, which can possibly form a new strategy for the prevention of viral infection. However, alphaherpesvirus including PRV have received little to no investigation in the context of trained immunity. Here, we found that BG pretreatment improved the survival rate, weight loss outcomes, alleviated histological injury and decreased PRV copy number of tissues in PRV-infected mice. Type I interferons (IFNs) including IFN-α/β levels in serum were significantly increased by BG. However, these effects were abrogated in the presence of Dectin-1 antagonist. Dectin-1-mediated effect of BG was also confirmed in porcine and murine macrophages. These results suggested that BG have effects on type I IFNs with antiviral property involved in Dectin-1. In piglets, oral or injected immunization with BG and PRV vaccine could significantly elevated the level of PRV-specific IgG and type I IFNs. And it also increased the antibody levels of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus vaccine and classical swine fever vaccine that were later immunized, indicating a broad-spectrum effect on improving vaccine immunity. On the premise that the cost was greatly reducing, the immunological effect of oral was better than injection administration. Our findings highlighted that BG induced type I IFNs related antiviral effect against PRV involved in Dectin-1 and potential application value as a feed additive to help control the spread of PRV and future emerging viruses.
摘要：
伪狂犬病病毒(PRV),α疱疹病毒,是一种被忽视的人畜共患病原体。β-葡聚糖（BG）的Dectin-1感应诱导训练免疫，这可能会形成预防病毒感染的新策略。然而,包括PRV在内的α疱疹病毒在受过训练的免疫背景下几乎没有接受过调查。这里,我们发现BG预处理提高了存活率，体重减轻的结果，减轻PRV感染小鼠的组织学损伤并减少PRV组织拷贝数。BG显着增加了血清中I型干扰素（IFN），包括IFN-α/β水平。然而,这些作用在Dectin-1拮抗剂存在下被取消.在猪和鼠巨噬细胞中也证实了BG的Dectin-1介导的作用。这些结果表明，BG对Dectin-1具有抗病毒特性的I型IFN具有影响。在仔猪中,口服或注射BG和PRV疫苗免疫可以显着提高PRV特异性IgG和I型IFN的水平。并提高了后来免疫的猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒疫苗和猪瘟疫苗的抗体水平,表明对提高疫苗免疫力具有广谱效应。在成本大大降低的前提下，口服免疫效果优于注射。我们的发现强调了BG诱导的I型IFNs对参与Dectin-1的PRV的抗病毒作用和作为饲料添加剂的潜在应用价值，以帮助控制PRV和未来新兴病毒的传播。
