Abstract：
The nervous and the immune systems undergo a continuous cross talk, starting from early development and continuing throughout adulthood and aging. Defects in this cross talk contribute to neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases. Microglia are the resident immune cells in the brain that are primarily involved in this bidirectional communication. Among the microglial genes, trem2 is a key player, controlling the functional state of microglia and being at the forefront of many processes that require interaction between microglia and other brain components, such as neurons and oligodendrocytes. The present review focuses on the early developmental window, describing the early brain processes in which TREM2 is primarily involved, including the modulation of synapse formation and elimination, the control of neuronal bioenergetic states as well as the contribution to myelination processes and neuronal circuit formation. By causing imbalances during these early maturation phases, dysfunctional TREM2 may have a striking impact on the adult brain, making it a more sensitive target for insults occurring during adulthood and aging.
摘要：
神经和免疫系统经历持续的串扰，从早期发育开始，持续到整个成年和衰老。这种串扰中的缺陷有助于神经发育和神经退行性疾病。小胶质细胞是大脑中主要参与这种双向通信的固有免疫细胞。在小胶质细胞基因中，trem2是一个关键的参与者，控制小胶质细胞的功能状态，处于许多需要小胶质细胞和其他大脑成分相互作用的过程的最前沿，如神经元和少突胶质细胞。本综述侧重于早期发育窗口，描述了TREM2主要参与的早期大脑过程，包括突触形成和消除的调节，神经元生物能量状态的控制以及对髓鞘形成过程和神经元回路形成的贡献。通过在这些早期成熟阶段造成失衡，功能失调的TREM2可能会对成人大脑产生显著影响，使其成为成年和衰老期间发生的侮辱的更敏感目标。
