Abstract：
Scrotal masses, whether cystic or solid lesions, are routinely evaluated using ultrasonography. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be used for further investigation in cases with atypical findings, difficult diagnoses, large masses, and/or unclear relationships with the surrounding tissues. Scrotal solid masses are divided into intra- and extra-testicular masses. A staggering 90% of the intratesticular masses are malignant, whereas 75% of extratesticular masses are benign. Extratesticular masses are less common than intratesticular masses; however, some extratesticular masses present characteristic MRI findings. Familiarity with these specific MRI features of extratesticular masses is beneficial to radiologists, as appropriate diagnoses can help avoid unnecessary invasive treatments such as orchiectomy. In this review, we describe fibrous pseudotumors, polyorchidism, adenomatoid tumors, and scrotal leiomyoma as benign paratesticular masses, focusing on their characteristic imaging features on MRI. Although these tumors are extremely rare, their MRI findings are distinctive, and accurate diagnoses can prevent unnecessary orchiectomy. In addition, to demonstrate the pitfalls of diagnosing extratesticular masses, we present a case of seminoma misidentified as extratesticular masses due to large extensions outside the testis. Spermatic cord sarcoma, including rhabdomyosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, and liposarcoma, and metastasis to the spermatic cord are described as malignant extratesticular masses. This review focused on extratesticular masses and elaborates the imaging findings that can aid in the accurate diagnosis using MRI.
摘要：
阴囊肿块,无论是囊性或实性病变，使用超声常规评估。磁共振成像（MRI）可用于进一步调查的病例与非典型的结果，困难的诊断，大质量,和/或与周围组织的关系不清楚。阴囊实性肿块分为睾丸内肿块和睾丸外肿块。惊人的90%的睾丸内肿块是恶性的，而75%的睾丸外肿块是良性的。睾丸外肿块不如睾丸内肿块常见；然而，一些睾丸外肿块表现出特征性的MRI表现。熟悉睾丸外肿块的这些特定MRI特征对放射科医生是有益的，适当的诊断可以帮助避免不必要的侵入性治疗，如睾丸切除术。在这次审查中,我们描述了纤维性伪肿瘤，多睾丸,腺瘤样瘤,阴囊平滑肌瘤是良性的睾丸旁肿块，重点关注他们在MRI上的特征性影像学特征。尽管这些肿瘤极为罕见，他们的MRI检查结果是独特的，准确的诊断可以防止不必要的睾丸切除术。此外,为了证明诊断睾丸外肿块的陷阱，我们介绍了一例精原细胞瘤，由于睾丸外的大量延伸而被误认为是睾丸外肿块。精索肉瘤,包括横纹肌肉瘤,平滑肌肉瘤,脂肪肉瘤,和转移到精索被描述为恶性睾丸外肿块。这篇综述集中在睾丸外肿块上，并详细阐述了可以帮助使用MRI进行准确诊断的影像学发现。
