PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: Skin secretions of toads are widely used in medicine all over the world for their antiviral, anti-infective, and cardiotonic properties. Because these secretions are mostly employed to combat blood parasite infection, it is important to understand their potential toxic effects on human erythrocytes. Therefore, the objective of the current investigation was to elucidate the effects of Duttaphrynus melanostictus (Schneider) skin extracts on the physiology of human erythrocytes.
UNASSIGNED: Toads captured from their natural habitat were separated into three groups according to their body size. Hydroalcoholic extracts of toad skin were prepared by reflux heating. These extracts were then evaluated for their hemolytic and hemoglobin denaturation potential. The effects of the extracts on cytosolic and membrane-bound enzymes of human erythrocytes were assessed.
UNASSIGNED: The hemolysis and hemoglobin denaturation caused by these extracts correlated positively with the respective toad sizes. Extracts from medium and large toads led to increased osmotic fragility even at near iso-osmotic concentrations. Biochemical analysis of hemolysate showed that the treatment induced a shift of metabolic flux toward the glutathione pathway. Analysis of membrane-bound enzymes revealed a significant decrease in the activity of Na+/K+ ATPase and acetylcholinesterase. SDS-PAGE analysis of the erythrocyte membrane did not show the band of tropomodulin for the cells treated with 1000 𝜇g/ml extract from large toads.
UNASSIGNED: In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that the toxicity of toad skin secretions aggravates with the size of the animal and interferes with the physiology of human erythrocytes, leading to their membrane disruption and rapid lysis.
UNASSIGNED: Toads captured from their natural habitat were separated into three groups according to their body size. Hydroalcoholic extracts of toad skin were prepared by reflux heating. These extracts were then evaluated for their hemolytic and hemoglobin denaturation potential. The effects of the extracts on cytosolic and membrane-bound enzymes of human erythrocytes were assessed.
UNASSIGNED: The hemolysis and hemoglobin denaturation caused by these extracts correlated positively with the respective toad sizes. Extracts from medium and large toads led to increased osmotic fragility even at near iso-osmotic concentrations. Biochemical analysis of hemolysate showed that the treatment induced a shift of metabolic flux toward the glutathione pathway. Analysis of membrane-bound enzymes revealed a significant decrease in the activity of Na+/K+ ATPase and acetylcholinesterase. SDS-PAGE analysis of the erythrocyte membrane did not show the band of tropomodulin for the cells treated with 1000 𝜇g/ml extract from large toads.
UNASSIGNED: In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that the toxicity of toad skin secretions aggravates with the size of the animal and interferes with the physiology of human erythrocytes, leading to their membrane disruption and rapid lysis.
摘要：
■蟾蜍的皮肤分泌物因其抗病毒作用而在世界各地广泛用于医学，抗感染,和强心特性。因为这些分泌物主要用于对抗血液寄生虫感染，了解它们对人类红细胞的潜在毒性作用很重要。因此,本研究的目的是阐明黑植酸Duttaphrynus（Schneider）皮肤提取物对人红细胞生理学的影响。
■从自然栖息地捕获的蟾蜍根据其体型大小分为三组。通过回流加热制备蟾蜍皮的水醇提取物。然后评价这些提取物的溶血和血红蛋白变性潜力。评估了提取物对人红细胞的胞浆和膜结合酶的影响。
■由这些提取物引起的溶血和血红蛋白变性与各自的蟾蜍大小呈正相关。即使在等渗浓度附近，从中型和大型蟾蜍中提取的提取物也会导致渗透脆性增加。溶血产物的生化分析表明，该治疗引起代谢通量向谷胱甘肽途径转移。膜结合酶的分析表明Na/KATPase和乙酰胆碱酯酶的活性显着降低。红细胞膜的SDS-PAGE分析未显示用大蟾蜍的1000？g/ml提取物处理的细胞的原调节蛋白条带。
■总而言之，本研究表明，蟾蜍皮肤分泌物的毒性随着动物的大小而加重，并干扰人类红细胞的生理，导致它们的膜破裂和快速裂解。
■从自然栖息地捕获的蟾蜍根据其体型大小分为三组。通过回流加热制备蟾蜍皮的水醇提取物。然后评价这些提取物的溶血和血红蛋白变性潜力。评估了提取物对人红细胞的胞浆和膜结合酶的影响。
■由这些提取物引起的溶血和血红蛋白变性与各自的蟾蜍大小呈正相关。即使在等渗浓度附近，从中型和大型蟾蜍中提取的提取物也会导致渗透脆性增加。溶血产物的生化分析表明，该治疗引起代谢通量向谷胱甘肽途径转移。膜结合酶的分析表明Na/KATPase和乙酰胆碱酯酶的活性显着降低。红细胞膜的SDS-PAGE分析未显示用大蟾蜍的1000？g/ml提取物处理的细胞的原调节蛋白条带。
■总而言之，本研究表明，蟾蜍皮肤分泌物的毒性随着动物的大小而加重，并干扰人类红细胞的生理，导致它们的膜破裂和快速裂解。
