Abstract：
The escalating global consumption of tetracyclines (TCs) as broad-spectrum antibiotics necessitates innovative approaches to mitigate their pervasive environmental persistence and associated risks. While initiatives such as China\'s antimicrobial reduction efforts highlight the urgency of responsible TC usage, the need for efficient degradation methods remains paramount. Microbial degradation emerges as a promising solution, offering novel insights into degradation pathways and mechanisms. Despite challenges, including the optimization of microbial activity conditions and the risk of antibiotic resistance development, microbial degradation showcases significant innovation in its cost-effectiveness, environmental friendliness, and simplicity of implementation compared to traditional degradation methods. While the published reviews have summarized some aspects of biodegradation of TCs, a systematic and comprehensive summary of all the TC biodegradation pathways, reactions, intermediates, and final products including ring-opening products involved with enzymes and mechanisms of each bacterium and fungus reported is necessary. This review aims to fill the current gap in the literature by offering a thorough and systematic overview of the structure, bioactivity mechanism, detection methods, microbial degradation pathways, and molecular mechanisms of all tetracycline antibiotics in various microorganisms. It comprehensively collects and analyzes data on the microbial degradation pathways, including bacteria and fungi, intermediate and final products, ring-opening products, product toxicity, and the degradation mechanisms for all tetracyclines. Additionally, it points out future directions for the discovery of degradation-related genes/enzymes and microbial resources that can effectively degrade tetracyclines. This review is expected to contribute to advancing knowledge in this field and promoting the development of sustainable remediation strategies for contaminated environments.
摘要：
作为广谱抗生素的四环素（TC）的全球消费不断增长，需要创新的方法来减轻其普遍的环境持久性和相关风险。虽然中国的抗菌药物减少努力等举措凸显了负责任的TC使用的紧迫性，对有效降解方法的需求仍然至关重要。微生物降解成为一种有前途的解决方案，提供对降解途径和机制的新见解。尽管面临挑战,包括微生物活性条件的优化和抗生素耐药性发展的风险，微生物降解在其成本效益方面展示了显著的创新，环境友好,与传统的退化方法相比，实现简单。虽然发表的评论总结了TCs生物降解的一些方面，对所有TC生物降解途径进行了系统全面的总结，reactions,中间体,和最终产品，包括涉及酶和每个细菌和真菌的机制报告的开环产物是必要的。这篇综述旨在通过提供对结构的全面和系统的概述来填补文献中的当前空白。生物活性机制，检测方法,微生物降解途径，以及各种微生物中所有四环素类抗生素的分子机制。它全面收集和分析有关微生物降解途径的数据，包括细菌和真菌,中间产品和最终产品，开环产品，产品毒性,以及所有四环素的降解机制。此外,它为发现降解相关基因/酶和能够有效降解四环素的微生物资源指明了未来的方向。预计这项审查将有助于增进该领域的知识，并促进针对污染环境的可持续补救战略的制定。
