Abstract：
Bone infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus may lead to an inflammatory condition called osteomyelitis, which results in progressive bone loss. Biofilm formation, intracellular survival, and the ability of S. aureus to evade the immune response result in recurrent and persistent infections that present significant challenges in treating osteomyelitis. Moreover, people with diabetes are prone to osteomyelitis due to their compromised immune system, and in life-threatening cases, this may lead to amputation of the affected limbs. In most cases, bone infections are localized; thus, early detection and targeted therapy may prove fruitful in treating S. aureus-related bone infections and preventing the spread of the infection. Specific S. aureus components or overexpressed tissue biomarkers in bone infections could be targeted to deliver active therapeutics, thereby reducing drug dosage and systemic toxicity. Compounds like peptides and antibodies can specifically bind to S. aureus or overexpressed disease markers and combining these with therapeutics or imaging agents can facilitate targeted delivery to the site of infection. The effectiveness of photodynamic therapy and hyperthermia therapy can be increased by the addition of targeting molecules to these therapies enabling site-specific therapy delivery. Strategies like host-directed therapy focus on modulating the host immune mechanisms or signaling pathways utilized by S. aureus for therapeutic efficacy. Targeted therapeutic strategies in conjunction with standard surgical care could be potential treatment strategies for S. aureus-associated osteomyelitis to overcome antibiotic resistance and disease recurrence. This review paper presents information about the targeting strategies and agents for the therapy and diagnostic imaging of S. aureus bone infections.
摘要：
由金黄色葡萄球菌引起的骨感染可能会导致炎症，称为骨髓炎，导致进行性骨质流失。生物膜形成,细胞内存活，金黄色葡萄球菌逃避免疫反应的能力导致复发性和持续性感染，这在治疗骨髓炎方面提出了重大挑战。此外，糖尿病患者由于免疫系统受损，容易患骨髓炎，在危及生命的情况下，这可能导致患肢截肢。在大多数情况下,骨感染是局部的；因此，早期发现和靶向治疗在治疗金黄色葡萄球菌相关骨感染和预防感染扩散方面可能是卓有成效的.骨感染中特定的金黄色葡萄球菌成分或过度表达的组织生物标志物可以靶向递送活性治疗剂,从而减少药物剂量和全身毒性。化合物如肽和抗体可以特异性结合金黄色葡萄球菌或过表达的疾病标志物,并且将它们与治疗剂或成像剂组合可以促进靶向递送至感染部位。光动力疗法和热疗疗法的有效性可以通过向这些疗法中添加靶向分子来增加,从而实现位点特异性疗法递送。诸如宿主导向疗法的策略集中于调节由金黄色葡萄球菌用于治疗功效的宿主免疫机制或信号传导途径。针对金黄色葡萄球菌相关性骨髓炎的靶向治疗策略与标准外科护理相结合可能是克服抗生素耐药性和疾病复发的潜在治疗策略。这篇综述论文提供了有关金黄色葡萄球菌骨感染的治疗和诊断成像的靶向策略和药物的信息。
