Abstract：
Xerosis is experienced by almost everyone at some time in their lives and the foundation of management of dry skin (both consumer- and healthcare professional--directed) rests on the use of moisturizers. Given the wide range of available moisturizers, counseling patients about selecting the optimum moisturizer for their individual situation relies on knowledge of ingredients and formulations. Traditionally, the main focus for many moisturizers centered on the core functional and structural role of ceramides within the epidermal barrier. However, while a key aspect of transepidermal water loss and other skin barrier functions, components other than ceramides are equally essential in increasing moisturization. The skin\'s natural moisturizing factors (NMFs) are a complex mixture of water-attracting compounds such as amino acids, urea, lactate, pyrrolidone carboxylic acid (PCA), and electrolytes which play a fundamental role in preserving physiologic function by regulating the water content of the stratum corneum. By facilitating water retention, NMFs contribute significantly to the suppleness, elasticity, normal desquamation, and overall integrity of the skin barrier. Incorporation of NMFs into moisturizers addresses critical deficiencies in the skin\'s moisture balance that exist in xerotic and atopic skin, and in many skin disorders, mitigating signs and symptoms associated with xerosis and promoting optimal skin health. The biochemical composition of NMFs and the intricate interplay with epidermal homeostasis translate to a central role in moisturizers used for prophylactic and therapeutic management of various dry skin conditions, beyond ceramides alone. J Drugs Dermatol. 2024;23(6):466-471. doi:10.36849/JDD.8358.
摘要：
干燥症几乎每个人都在他们的生活中经历过，干性皮肤管理的基础（包括消费者和医疗保健专业指导）取决于使用保湿剂。鉴于广泛的可用保湿剂，咨询患者如何为他们的个人情况选择最佳的保湿剂依赖于成分和配方的知识。传统上,许多保湿剂的主要焦点集中在表皮屏障内神经酰胺的核心功能和结构作用上。然而,虽然是经表皮水分流失和其他皮肤屏障功能的关键方面，除神经酰胺外的其他成分在增加保湿方面同样重要。皮肤的天然保湿因子（NMFs）是一种复杂的混合物的吸水化合物，如氨基酸，尿素,乳酸，吡咯烷酮羧酸（PCA），和电解质，通过调节角质层的水含量在保持生理功能中起基本作用。通过促进保水，NMF对柔软度有很大贡献，弹性,正常脱屑,和皮肤屏障的整体完整性。将NMF纳入保湿剂可解决干燥和特应性皮肤中存在的皮肤水分平衡的严重缺陷，在许多皮肤病中，缓解与干燥相关的体征和症状，促进最佳皮肤健康。NMF的生化成分以及与表皮稳态的复杂相互作用转化为保湿剂的核心作用，用于预防和治疗各种干燥皮肤状况。不仅仅是神经酰胺。J药物Dermatol.2024；23（6）：466–471。doi:10.36849/JDD.8358。
