Abstract：
Climbing animals such as geckos and arthropods developed astonishing adhesive mechanisms which are fundamental for their survival and represent valuable models for biomimetic purposes. A firm adhesion to the host surface, in order to successfully lay eggs is necessary for the reproduction of most parasitoid insects. In the present study, we performed a comparative investigation on the attachment ability of four parasitoid species (the egg parasitoid Anastatus bifasciatus (Eupelmidae), the aphid parasitoid Aphidius ervi (Braconidae), the fly pupal ectoparasitoid Muscidifurax raptorellus (Pteromalidae) and the pupal parasitoid of Drosophila Trichopria drosophilae (Diapriidae)) with hosts characterized by a surface having different wettability properties. The friction force measurements were performed on smooth artificial (glass) surfaces showing different contact angles of water. We found that attachment systems of parasitoid insects are tuned to match the wettability of the host surface. Sexual dimorphism in the attachment ability of some tested species has been also observed. The obtained results are probably related to different microstructure and chemical composition of the host surfaces and to different chemical composition of the parasitoid adhesive fluid. The data here presented can be interpreted as an adaptation, especially in the female, to the physicochemical properties of the host surface and contribute to shed light on the coevolutionary processes of parasitoid insects and their hosts.
摘要：
壁虎和节肢动物等攀爬动物开发了惊人的粘附机制，这是它们生存的基础，并代表了用于仿生目的的有价值的模型。对宿主表面的牢固粘附，为了成功产卵是大多数寄生虫繁殖所必需的。在本研究中,我们对四种寄生虫的附着能力进行了比较研究（卵寄生虫Anastatusbifasciatus（Eupelmidae），蚜虫类寄生虫蚜虫（Braconidae），果蝇pu外寄生物Muscidifuraxraptorellus（Pteromalmalidae）和果蝇毛囊（Diapriidae）的p寄生物，其寄主的特征是表面具有不同的润湿性。在显示不同水接触角的光滑人造（玻璃）表面上进行摩擦力测量。我们发现，寄生昆虫的附着系统已调整为与宿主表面的润湿性相匹配。还观察到某些测试物种的依恋能力有性二态性。获得的结果可能与宿主表面的不同微观结构和化学组成以及寄生类粘合剂流体的不同化学组成有关。这里提供的数据可以解释为适应，尤其是女性，宿主表面的物理化学特性，并有助于阐明类寄生虫昆虫及其宿主的共同进化过程。
