Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: Exercise induces a hypoalgesic response and improves affect. However, some individuals are unable to exercise for various reasons. Motor imagery, involving kinesthetic and visual imagery without physical movement, activates brain regions associated with these benefits and could be an alternative for those unable to exercise. Virtual reality also enhances motor imagery performance because of its illusion and embodiment. Therefore, we examined the effects of motor imagery combined with virtual reality on pain sensitivity and affect in healthy individuals.
METHODS: Randomized crossover study.
METHODS: Laboratory.
METHODS: Thirty-six participants (women: 18) were included.
METHODS: Each participant completed three 10-min experimental sessions, comprising actual exercise, motor imagery only, and motor imagery combined with virtual reality. Hypoalgesic responses and affective improvement were assessed using the pressure-pain threshold and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, respectively.
RESULTS: All interventions significantly increased the pressure-pain threshold at the thigh (P<0.001). Motor imagery combined with virtual reality increased the pressure-pain threshold more than motor imagery alone, but the threshold was similar to that of actual exercise (both P≥0.05). All interventions significantly decreased the negative affect of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (all P<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: Motor imagery combined with virtual reality exerted hypoalgesic and affective-improvement effects similar to those of actual exercise.
METHODS: Randomized crossover study.
METHODS: Laboratory.
METHODS: Thirty-six participants (women: 18) were included.
METHODS: Each participant completed three 10-min experimental sessions, comprising actual exercise, motor imagery only, and motor imagery combined with virtual reality. Hypoalgesic responses and affective improvement were assessed using the pressure-pain threshold and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, respectively.
RESULTS: All interventions significantly increased the pressure-pain threshold at the thigh (P<0.001). Motor imagery combined with virtual reality increased the pressure-pain threshold more than motor imagery alone, but the threshold was similar to that of actual exercise (both P≥0.05). All interventions significantly decreased the negative affect of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (all P<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: Motor imagery combined with virtual reality exerted hypoalgesic and affective-improvement effects similar to those of actual exercise.
摘要：
目的：运动诱导痛觉减退反应并改善情感。然而,有些人由于各种原因无法锻炼。运动图像,涉及没有身体运动的动觉和视觉意象，激活与这些益处相关的大脑区域，可能是那些无法锻炼的人的替代方案。虚拟现实还由于其错觉和体现而增强了运动图像性能。因此,我们研究了运动想象结合虚拟现实对健康个体疼痛敏感性和情感的影响.
方法：随机交叉研究。
方法：实验室。
方法：纳入36名参与者（女性：18名）。
方法：每位参与者完成三个10分钟的实验课程，包括实际锻炼，只有运动图像，运动图像与虚拟现实相结合。使用压力-疼痛阈值和正面和负面影响时间表评估痛觉减退反应和情感改善，分别。
结果：所有干预措施均显着提高了大腿的压力-疼痛阈值（P<0.001）。运动想象与虚拟现实相结合，比单独的运动想象更能提高压力-疼痛阈值，但阈值与实际运动相似(均P≥0.05).所有干预措施均显着降低了正面和负面情绪计划的负面影响（均P<0.05）。
结论：运动想象与虚拟现实的结合具有类似于实际运动的痛觉减退和情感改善效果。
方法：随机交叉研究。
方法：实验室。
方法：纳入36名参与者（女性：18名）。
方法：每位参与者完成三个10分钟的实验课程，包括实际锻炼，只有运动图像，运动图像与虚拟现实相结合。使用压力-疼痛阈值和正面和负面影响时间表评估痛觉减退反应和情感改善，分别。
结果：所有干预措施均显着提高了大腿的压力-疼痛阈值（P<0.001）。运动想象与虚拟现实相结合，比单独的运动想象更能提高压力-疼痛阈值，但阈值与实际运动相似(均P≥0.05).所有干预措施均显着降低了正面和负面情绪计划的负面影响（均P<0.05）。
结论：运动想象与虚拟现实的结合具有类似于实际运动的痛觉减退和情感改善效果。
