Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: Twin studies have demonstrated that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is moderately heritable, and the pattern of findings across studies suggests higher heritability in females compared with males. Formal testing of sex differences has yet to be done in twin studies of PTSD. The authors sought to estimate the genetic and environmental contributions to PTSD, and to formally test for sex differences, in the largest sample to date of both sexes, among twins and siblings.
UNASSIGNED: Using the Swedish National Registries, the authors performed structural equation modeling to decompose genetic and environmental variance for PTSD and to formally test for quantitative and qualitative sex differences in twins (16,242 pairs) and in full siblings within 2 years of age of each other (376,093 pairs), using diagnostic codes from medical registries.
UNASSIGNED: The best-fit model suggested that additive genetic and unique environmental effects contributed to PTSD. Evidence for a quantitative sex effect was found, such that heritability was significantly greater in females (35.4%) than males (28.6%). Evidence of a qualitative sex effect was found, such that the genetic correlation was high but less than complete (rg=0.81, 95% CI=0.73-0.89). No evidence of shared environment or special twin environment was found.
UNASSIGNED: This is the first demonstration of quantitative and qualitative sex effects for PTSD. The results suggest that unique environmental effects, but not the shared environment, contributed to PTSD and that genetic influences for the disorder are stronger in females compared with males. Although the heritability is highly correlated, it is not at unity between the sexes.
UNASSIGNED: Using the Swedish National Registries, the authors performed structural equation modeling to decompose genetic and environmental variance for PTSD and to formally test for quantitative and qualitative sex differences in twins (16,242 pairs) and in full siblings within 2 years of age of each other (376,093 pairs), using diagnostic codes from medical registries.
UNASSIGNED: The best-fit model suggested that additive genetic and unique environmental effects contributed to PTSD. Evidence for a quantitative sex effect was found, such that heritability was significantly greater in females (35.4%) than males (28.6%). Evidence of a qualitative sex effect was found, such that the genetic correlation was high but less than complete (rg=0.81, 95% CI=0.73-0.89). No evidence of shared environment or special twin environment was found.
UNASSIGNED: This is the first demonstration of quantitative and qualitative sex effects for PTSD. The results suggest that unique environmental effects, but not the shared environment, contributed to PTSD and that genetic influences for the disorder are stronger in females compared with males. Although the heritability is highly correlated, it is not at unity between the sexes.
摘要：
■双胞胎研究表明，创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）是中度遗传性的，研究的结果模式表明，与男性相比，女性的遗传力更高。在PTSD的双胞胎研究中，尚未对性别差异进行正式测试。作者试图估计PTSD的遗传和环境贡献，并正式测试性别差异，在迄今为止男女最大的样本中，双胞胎和兄弟姐妹之间。
■使用瑞典国家注册局，作者进行了结构方程模型，以分解PTSD的遗传和环境方差，并正式检验双胞胎（16,242对）和两个年龄内的完整兄弟姐妹（376,093对）的定量和定性性别差异，使用医疗登记处的诊断代码。
■最佳拟合模型表明，加性遗传和独特的环境效应有助于PTSD。发现了定量性别效应的证据，因此，女性的遗传力（35.4％）明显高于男性（28.6％）。发现了定性性别效应的证据，这样的遗传相关性很高，但不完全（rg=0.81，95％CI=0.73-0.89）。没有发现共享环境或特殊孪生环境的证据。
■这是PTSD的定量和定性性别效应的首次证明。结果表明，独特的环境影响，但不是共享环境，与男性相比，女性对PTSD的遗传影响更强。虽然遗传力是高度相关的，它不是两性之间的统一。
■使用瑞典国家注册局，作者进行了结构方程模型，以分解PTSD的遗传和环境方差，并正式检验双胞胎（16,242对）和两个年龄内的完整兄弟姐妹（376,093对）的定量和定性性别差异，使用医疗登记处的诊断代码。
■最佳拟合模型表明，加性遗传和独特的环境效应有助于PTSD。发现了定量性别效应的证据，因此，女性的遗传力（35.4％）明显高于男性（28.6％）。发现了定性性别效应的证据，这样的遗传相关性很高，但不完全（rg=0.81，95％CI=0.73-0.89）。没有发现共享环境或特殊孪生环境的证据。
■这是PTSD的定量和定性性别效应的首次证明。结果表明，独特的环境影响，但不是共享环境，与男性相比，女性对PTSD的遗传影响更强。虽然遗传力是高度相关的，它不是两性之间的统一。
