Abstract：
Emerging and re-emerging pathogens often stem from zoonotic origins, cycling between humans and animals, and are frequently vectored and maintained by hematophagous arthropod vectors. The efficiency by which these disease agents are successfully transmitted between vertebrate hosts is influenced by many factors, including the host on which a vector feeds. The Lyme disease bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato has adapted to survive in complex host environments, vectored by Ixodes ticks, and maintained in multiple vertebrate hosts. The versatility of Lyme borreliae in disparate host milieus is a compelling platform to investigate mechanisms dictating pathogen transmission through complex networks of vertebrates and ticks. Squamata, one of the most diverse clade of extant reptiles, is comprised primarily of lizards, many of which are readily fed upon by Ixodes ticks. Yet, lizards are one of the least studied taxa at risk of contributing to the transmission and life cycle maintenance of Lyme borreliae. In this review, we summarize the current evidence, spanning from field surveillance to laboratory infection studies, supporting their contributions to Lyme borreliae circulation. We also summarize the current understanding of divergent lizard immune responses that may explain the underlying molecular mechanisms to confer Lyme spirochete survival in vertebrate hosts. This review offers a critical perspective on potential enzootic cycles existing between lizard-tick-Borrelia interactions and highlights the importance of an eco-immunology lens for zoonotic pathogen transmission studies.
摘要：
新出现和重新出现的病原体通常源于人畜共患的起源，人与动物之间的循环,并且经常被食血节肢动物载体所引导和维持。这些疾病因子在脊椎动物宿主之间成功传播的效率受到许多因素的影响。包括载体供料的宿主。莱姆病细菌伯氏疏螺旋体已适应在复杂的宿主环境中生存，由Ixodes滴答声矢量化，并保存在多个脊椎动物宿主中。莱姆在不同宿主环境中的多功能性是一个令人信服的平台，可以研究通过脊椎动物和蜱的复杂网络决定病原体传播的机制。鳞茎,现存爬行动物中最多样化的一种,主要由蜥蜴组成，其中许多很容易被Ixodes蜱虫喂食。然而，蜥蜴是研究最少的类群之一，有可能促进莱姆疏螺旋体的传播和生命周期维持。在这次审查中,我们总结目前的证据,从现场监测到实验室感染研究，支持他们对莱姆的贡献。我们还总结了目前对不同蜥蜴免疫反应的理解，这些免疫反应可能解释了在脊椎动物宿主中赋予莱姆螺旋体存活的潜在分子机制。这篇综述提供了关于蜥蜴-tick-疏螺旋体相互作用之间存在的潜在植物性周期的关键观点，并强调了生态免疫学透镜在人畜共患病原体传播研究中的重要性。
