Abstract：
In the United States, cancer is one of the major causes of death. In 2010 alone, over 1.5 million fresh instances were recorded and over 0.5 billion died. After the completion of human genome sequence, significant progress in characterizing human epigenomes, proteomes and metabolomes has been made; a stronger knowledge of pharmacogenomics has been established and the capacity for individual personalization of health care has grown considerably. Personalized medicine has recently been primarily used to systematically select or optimize the prevention and therapeutic care of the patient through genetic or other data about the particular patient. Molecular profiling in healthy samples and cancer patients can allow for more personalized medications than is currently available. Patient protein, genetic and metabolic information may be used for adapting medical attention to the needs of that individual. The development of complementary diagnostics is a key attribute of this medicinal model. Molecular tests measuring the level of proteins, genes or specific mutations are used to provide a specific treatment for a particular individual by stratify the status of a disease, selecting the right drugs and tailoring dosages to the particular needs of the patient. These methods are also available for assessing risk factors for a patient for a number of conditions and for tailoring individual preventive therapies. Recent advances of personalized cancer medicine, challenges and futures perspectives are discussed.
摘要：
在美国,癌症是死亡的主要原因之一。仅在2010年，记录了超过150万例新病例，超过5亿人死亡。人类基因组测序完成后，在表征人类表观基因组方面取得了重大进展，蛋白质组和代谢组已经形成;药物基因组学的更强的知识已经建立，医疗保健的个人个性化的能力已经大大增加。个性化医疗最近主要用于通过关于特定患者的遗传或其他数据系统地选择或优化患者的预防和治疗护理。健康样品和癌症患者中的分子谱分析可以允许比目前可用的更个性化的药物。患者蛋白质，遗传和代谢信息可用于使医疗关注适应该个体的需求。互补诊断的发展是这种药物模型的关键属性。测量蛋白质水平的分子测试，基因或特定突变用于通过对疾病状态进行分层来为特定个体提供特定治疗，选择正确的药物和定制剂量，以满足患者的特殊需要。这些方法也可用于评估患者的多种病症的风险因素和定制个体预防性治疗。个体化癌症医学的最新进展，讨论了挑战和未来的观点。
