Abstract：
Exosomes exhibit high bioavailability, biological stability, targeted specificity, low toxicity, and low immunogenicity in shuttling various bioactive molecules such as proteins, lipids, RNA, and DNA. Natural exosomes, however, have limited production, targeting abilities, and therapeutic efficacy in clinical trials. On the other hand, engineered exosomes have demonstrated long-term circulation, high stability, targeted delivery, and efficient intracellular drug release, garnering significant attention. The engineered exosomes bring new insights into developing next-generation drug delivery systems and show enormous potential in therapeutic applications, such as tumor therapies, diabetes management, cardiovascular disease, and tissue regeneration and repair. In this review, we provide an overview of recent advancements associated with engineered exosomes by focusing on the state-of-the-art strategies for cell engineering and exosome engineering. Exosome isolation methods, including traditional and emerging approaches, are systematically compared along with advancements in characterization methods. Current challenges and future opportunities are further discussed in terms of the preparation and application of engineered exosomes.
摘要：
外泌体表现出高生物利用度，生物稳定性，靶向特异性，低毒性,以及穿梭各种生物活性分子如蛋白质的低免疫原性，脂质，RNA,和DNA。天然外泌体,然而,产量有限，瞄准能力，和临床试验中的治疗效果。另一方面,工程外泌体已经证明了长期的循环，高稳定性,有针对性的交付，和有效的细胞内药物释放，引起了极大的关注。工程化的外泌体为开发下一代药物递送系统带来了新的见解，并在治疗应用中显示出巨大的潜力，比如肿瘤治疗，糖尿病管理，心血管疾病,组织再生和修复。在这次审查中,我们通过关注最新的细胞工程和外泌体工程策略，概述了与工程外泌体相关的最新进展。外泌体隔离方法，包括传统和新兴方法，系统比较了表征方法的进步。在工程外泌体的制备和应用方面进一步讨论了当前的挑战和未来的机遇。
