Abstract：
Gliosis, including microgliosis and astrocytosis, can be challenging to interpret in nonclinical studies. Incidences of glial foci in brains and spinal cords of control rats and nonhuman primates (NHPs) were reviewed in the historical control databases from two contract research organizations, including one specializing in neuropathology. In the brain, minimal to mild (grades 1-2) microgliosis was the most common diagnosis, especially in NHPs, although occasional moderate or marked microgliosis (grades 3 and 4) was encountered in both species. Microgliosis was more common in the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata in both species and was frequent in the white matter (brain), thalamus, and basal nuclei of NHPs. Gliosis (\"not otherwise specified\") of minimal severity was diagnosed in similar brain sub-sites for both species and was more common in NHPs compared with rats. Astrocytosis was most prominent in the cerebellum (molecular layer) of NHPs but was otherwise uncommon. In the spinal cord, microgliosis was most common in the lateral white matter tracts in rats and NHPs, and in the dorsal white matter tracts in NHPs. These data indicate that low-grade spontaneous glial responses occur with some frequency in control animals of two common nonclinical species.
摘要：
胶质增生,包括小胶质细胞增生和星形细胞增生,在非临床研究中解释可能是具有挑战性的。在两个合同研究组织的历史对照数据库中，回顾了对照大鼠和非人灵长类动物（NHP）的大脑和脊髓中神经胶质灶的发生率，包括一个专门研究神经病理学的。在大脑中,轻度（1-2级）小胶质细胞增生是最常见的诊断，尤其是在NHPs中，尽管在两个物种中都偶尔遇到中度或明显的小胶质细胞增生（3级和4级）。小胶质细胞增生在大脑皮层更为常见，小脑,和延髓在这两个物种中，并且在白质（大脑）中很常见，丘脑,和NHPs的基底核。在两种物种的相似脑亚位点中诊断出具有最小严重程度的胶质增生（“未指明”），并且与大鼠相比，在NHP中更为常见。星形细胞增多症在NHP的小脑（分子层）中最为明显，但在其他方面并不常见。在脊髓中，小胶质细胞增生最常见于大鼠和NHPs的外侧白质束，在NHP的背侧白质束中。这些数据表明，在两种常见的非临床物种的对照动物中，低级自发神经胶质反应以一定的频率发生。
