PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Harmful Algal Blooms (HAB) have the potential to impact human health primarily through their possible cyanotoxins production. While conventional water treatments can result in the removal of unlysed cyanobacterial cells and low levels of cyanotoxins, during severe HAB events, cyanotoxins can break through and can be present in the treated water due to a lack of adequate toxin treatment. The objectives of this study were to assess the HAB conditions in drinking water sources in New Jersey and investigate relationships between environmental variables and cyanobacterial communities in these drinking water sources. Source water samples were collected monthly from May to October 2019 and analyzed for phytoplankton and cyanobacterial cell densities, microcystins, cylindrospermopsin, Microcystis 16S rRNA gene, microcystin-producing mcyB gene, Raphidiopsis raciborskii-specific rpoC1 gene, and cylindrospermopsin-producing pks gene. Water quality parameters included water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, specific conductance, fluorescence of phycocyanin and chlorophyll, chlorophyll-a, total suspended solids, total dissolved solids, dissolved organic carbon, total nitrogen, ammonia, and total phosphorus. In addition to source waters, microcystins and cylindrospermopsin were analyzed for treated waters. The results showed all five selected New Jersey source waters had high total phosphorus concentrations that exceeded the established New Jersey Surface Water Quality Standards for lakes and rivers. Commonly found cyanobacteria were identified, such as Microcystis and Dolichospermum. Site E was the site most susceptible to HABs with significantly greater HAB variables, such as extracted phycocyanin, fluorescence of phycocyanin, cyanobacterial cell density, microcystins, and Microcystis 16S rRNA gene. All treated waters were undetected with microcystins, indicating treatment processes were effective at removing toxins from source waters. Results also showed that phycocyanin values had a significantly positive relationship with microcystin concentration, copies of Microcystis 16S rRNA and microcystin-producing mcyB genes, suggesting these values can be used as a proxy for HAB monitoring. This study suggests that drinking water sources in New Jersey are vulnerable to forthcoming HAB. Monitoring and management of source waters is crucial to help safeguard public health.
摘要：
有害藻华（HAB）有可能主要通过其可能产生的氰基毒素来影响人类健康。虽然传统的水处理可以去除未溶解的蓝细菌细胞和低水平的氰毒素，在严重HAB事件期间，由于缺乏足够的毒素处理，氰毒素可以突破并可以存在于处理过的水中。这项研究的目的是评估新泽西州饮用水源中的HAB条件，并研究这些饮用水源中环境变量与蓝藻群落之间的关系。从2019年5月至10月每月收集水源水样，并分析浮游植物和蓝细菌细胞密度，微囊藻毒素,圆柱形精氨素，微囊藻16SrRNA基因,产生微囊藻毒素的mcyB基因，Raphiopsisraciborskii特异性rpoC1基因，和产生圆柱精蛋白的pks基因。水质参数包括水温，pH值,溶解氧,比电导，藻蓝蛋白和叶绿素的荧光，叶绿素a,总悬浮固体，总溶解固体，溶解的有机碳，总氮,氨,和总磷。除了水源，对处理过的水进行了微囊藻毒素和圆柱精蛋白的分析。结果表明，所有五个选定的新泽西州水源都具有很高的总磷浓度，超过了既定的新泽西州湖泊和河流地表水质量标准。发现了常见的蓝细菌，如微囊藻和Dolichospermum。站点E是最容易受到HAB影响的站点，HAB变量明显更大，例如提取的藻蓝蛋白，藻蓝蛋白的荧光，蓝细菌细胞密度，微囊藻毒素,和微囊藻16SrRNA基因。所有处理过的水都没有被微囊藻毒素检测到，表明处理工艺在去除水源水中的毒素方面是有效的。结果还表明，藻蓝蛋白值与微囊藻毒素浓度呈显著正相关，微囊藻16SrRNA和产生微囊藻毒素的mcyB基因的拷贝，表明这些值可以用作HAB监控的代理。这项研究表明，新泽西州的饮用水源很容易受到即将到来的HAB的影响。监测和管理水源对于帮助维护公众健康至关重要。
