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Abstract：
BACKGROUND: The effects of household air pollution on urinary incontinence (UI) symptoms and stress urinary incontinence (SUI) symptoms have not been studied. This study seeks to investigate the correlation between household air pollution and UI/SUI symptoms among middle-aged and elderly adults in India.
METHODS: We employed data derived from individuals aged 45 years and older who participated in the inaugural wave (2017-2018) of the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI). The assessment of household air pollution exposure and the occurrence of UI/SUI symptoms relied on self-reported data. The analytical approach adopted was cross-sectional in nature and encompassed a cohort of 64,398 participants. To explore relationships, we utilized multivariate logistic regression analysis, incorporating subgroup analysis and interaction tests.
RESULTS: 1,671 (2.59%) participants reported UI symptoms and 4,862 (7.55%) participants reported SUI symptoms. Also, the prevalence of UI/SUI symptoms is much higher among middle-aged and elderly adults who use solid polluting fuels (UI: 51.23% vs. 48.77%; SUI: 54.50% vs. 45.50%). The results revealed a noteworthy correlation between household air pollution and the probability of experiencing UI/SUI symptoms, persisting even after adjusting for all conceivable confounding variables (UI: OR = 1.552, 95% CI: 1.377-1.749, p < 0.00001; SUI: OR: 1.459, 95% CI: 1.357-1.568, p < 0.00001). Moreover, significant interaction effects were discerned for age, education level, tobacco consumption, alcohol consumption, and physical activity (p for interaction < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study indicate that the utilization of solid fuels in the home increases the likelihood of developing urinary incontinence and stress urinary incontinence. As a result, we argue that there is an immediate need to reform the composition of cooking fuel and raise public awareness about the adverse effects of air pollution in the home.
METHODS: We employed data derived from individuals aged 45 years and older who participated in the inaugural wave (2017-2018) of the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI). The assessment of household air pollution exposure and the occurrence of UI/SUI symptoms relied on self-reported data. The analytical approach adopted was cross-sectional in nature and encompassed a cohort of 64,398 participants. To explore relationships, we utilized multivariate logistic regression analysis, incorporating subgroup analysis and interaction tests.
RESULTS: 1,671 (2.59%) participants reported UI symptoms and 4,862 (7.55%) participants reported SUI symptoms. Also, the prevalence of UI/SUI symptoms is much higher among middle-aged and elderly adults who use solid polluting fuels (UI: 51.23% vs. 48.77%; SUI: 54.50% vs. 45.50%). The results revealed a noteworthy correlation between household air pollution and the probability of experiencing UI/SUI symptoms, persisting even after adjusting for all conceivable confounding variables (UI: OR = 1.552, 95% CI: 1.377-1.749, p < 0.00001; SUI: OR: 1.459, 95% CI: 1.357-1.568, p < 0.00001). Moreover, significant interaction effects were discerned for age, education level, tobacco consumption, alcohol consumption, and physical activity (p for interaction < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study indicate that the utilization of solid fuels in the home increases the likelihood of developing urinary incontinence and stress urinary incontinence. As a result, we argue that there is an immediate need to reform the composition of cooking fuel and raise public awareness about the adverse effects of air pollution in the home.
摘要：
背景：尚未研究家用空气污染对尿失禁（UI）症状和压力性尿失禁（SUI）症状的影响。这项研究旨在调查印度中老年人家庭空气污染与UI/SUI症状之间的相关性。
方法：我们采用了来自参与印度纵向老龄化研究（LASI）首次浪潮（2017-2018）的45岁及以上个体的数据。对家庭空气污染暴露和UI/SUI症状发生的评估依赖于自我报告的数据。所采用的分析方法本质上是横断面的，涵盖了64,398名参与者。为了探索关系，我们利用多元逻辑回归分析，结合亚组分析和交互测试。
结果：1,671（2.59％）参与者报告了UI症状，4,862（7.55％）参与者报告了SUI症状。此外，在使用固体污染燃料的中老年人中，UI/SUI症状的患病率要高得多（UI：51.23％vs.48.77%；SUI：54.50%45.50%）。结果显示，家庭空气污染与经历UI/SUI症状的可能性之间存在值得注意的相关性，即使在调整了所有可能的混杂变量后仍持续(UI:OR=1.552,95%CI:1.377-1.749,p<0.00001;SUI:OR:1.459,95%CI:1.357-1.568,p<0.00001)。此外，在年龄上发现了显著的交互效应，教育水平,烟草消费,酒精消费,和体力活动(p为相互作用<0.05)。
结论：我们的研究结果表明，在家庭中使用固体燃料会增加发生尿失禁和压力性尿失禁的可能性。因此,我们认为，迫切需要改革烹饪燃料的组成，并提高公众对家庭空气污染不利影响的认识。
方法：我们采用了来自参与印度纵向老龄化研究（LASI）首次浪潮（2017-2018）的45岁及以上个体的数据。对家庭空气污染暴露和UI/SUI症状发生的评估依赖于自我报告的数据。所采用的分析方法本质上是横断面的，涵盖了64,398名参与者。为了探索关系，我们利用多元逻辑回归分析，结合亚组分析和交互测试。
结果：1,671（2.59％）参与者报告了UI症状，4,862（7.55％）参与者报告了SUI症状。此外，在使用固体污染燃料的中老年人中，UI/SUI症状的患病率要高得多（UI：51.23％vs.48.77%；SUI：54.50%45.50%）。结果显示，家庭空气污染与经历UI/SUI症状的可能性之间存在值得注意的相关性，即使在调整了所有可能的混杂变量后仍持续(UI:OR=1.552,95%CI:1.377-1.749,p<0.00001;SUI:OR:1.459,95%CI:1.357-1.568,p<0.00001)。此外，在年龄上发现了显著的交互效应，教育水平,烟草消费,酒精消费,和体力活动(p为相互作用<0.05)。
结论：我们的研究结果表明，在家庭中使用固体燃料会增加发生尿失禁和压力性尿失禁的可能性。因此,我们认为，迫切需要改革烹饪燃料的组成，并提高公众对家庭空气污染不利影响的认识。
