Abstract：
BACKGROUND: the pathogenesis of frozen shoulder (FS) is thought to be one of inflammation and fibrosis possibly influenced by hyperglycemia. Biomechanical changes of the shoulder joint in terms of muscle strength, scapular kinematics and proprioception might occur in FS.
OBJECTIVE: to compare muscle strength, scapular kinematics, proprioception, and blood glucose levels within patients with FS and to asymptomatic individuals.
METHODS: cross-sectional study.
METHODS: Thirty-five patients with FS and 35 asymptomatic age and gender-matched individuals underwent physical assessment to determine muscle strength (abduction, external and internal rotation), scapular kinematics (both visually and with a plurimeter), proprioception (joint position sense), and blood glucose level.
RESULTS: Patients with FS showed a decrease in muscle strength in their affected shoulder compared to both the unaffected shoulder and asymptomatic individuals. Significant differences were found between the affected and unaffected shoulder in the FS group and between groups (FS versus controls) in scapular upward rotation (plurimeter) at 30° and 60° abduction. No difference in scapular kinematics (visual observation), proprioception, and blood glucose levels was found neither between shoulders in the FS group nor between groups.
CONCLUSIONS: A clinically relevant difference in muscle strength and increase in scapular upward rotation were found in the affected shoulder of patients with FS compared to their unaffected side and controls. However, no evidence of different levels of scapular kinematics (visual observation), proprioception, and blood glucose levels in the affected shoulder compared to the unaffected shoulder or controls is lacking.
OBJECTIVE: to compare muscle strength, scapular kinematics, proprioception, and blood glucose levels within patients with FS and to asymptomatic individuals.
METHODS: cross-sectional study.
METHODS: Thirty-five patients with FS and 35 asymptomatic age and gender-matched individuals underwent physical assessment to determine muscle strength (abduction, external and internal rotation), scapular kinematics (both visually and with a plurimeter), proprioception (joint position sense), and blood glucose level.
RESULTS: Patients with FS showed a decrease in muscle strength in their affected shoulder compared to both the unaffected shoulder and asymptomatic individuals. Significant differences were found between the affected and unaffected shoulder in the FS group and between groups (FS versus controls) in scapular upward rotation (plurimeter) at 30° and 60° abduction. No difference in scapular kinematics (visual observation), proprioception, and blood glucose levels was found neither between shoulders in the FS group nor between groups.
CONCLUSIONS: A clinically relevant difference in muscle strength and increase in scapular upward rotation were found in the affected shoulder of patients with FS compared to their unaffected side and controls. However, no evidence of different levels of scapular kinematics (visual observation), proprioception, and blood glucose levels in the affected shoulder compared to the unaffected shoulder or controls is lacking.
摘要：
背景：冻结肩（FS）的发病机制被认为是可能受高血糖影响的炎症和纤维化之一。肩关节在肌肉力量方面的生物力学变化，肩胛骨运动学和本体感觉可能发生在FS中。
目的：比较肌肉力量，肩胛骨运动学，本体感受,FS患者和无症状个体的血糖水平。
方法：横断面研究。
方法：对35名FS患者和35名年龄和性别匹配的无症状患者进行了身体评估，以确定肌肉力量（外展，外部和内部旋转)，肩胛骨运动学（视觉和多米），本体感觉（关节位置感），和血糖水平。
结果：与未受影响的肩部和无症状的个体相比，FS患者的受影响的肩部肌肉力量降低。FS组的受影响和未受影响的肩部之间以及在30°和60°外展的肩胛骨向上旋转（多米）的组之间（FS与对照组）之间存在显着差异。肩胛骨运动学无差异（视觉观察），本体感受,并且在FS组的肩间和组间均未发现血糖水平。
结论：与未受影响的一侧和对照组相比，FS患者的受影响肩部的肌肉力量和肩胛骨向上旋转增加存在临床相关差异。然而,没有证据表明不同水平的肩胛骨运动学（视觉观察），本体感受,与未受影响的肩部或对照组相比，受影响的肩部的血糖水平缺乏。
目的：比较肌肉力量，肩胛骨运动学，本体感受,FS患者和无症状个体的血糖水平。
方法：横断面研究。
方法：对35名FS患者和35名年龄和性别匹配的无症状患者进行了身体评估，以确定肌肉力量（外展，外部和内部旋转)，肩胛骨运动学（视觉和多米），本体感觉（关节位置感），和血糖水平。
结果：与未受影响的肩部和无症状的个体相比，FS患者的受影响的肩部肌肉力量降低。FS组的受影响和未受影响的肩部之间以及在30°和60°外展的肩胛骨向上旋转（多米）的组之间（FS与对照组）之间存在显着差异。肩胛骨运动学无差异（视觉观察），本体感受,并且在FS组的肩间和组间均未发现血糖水平。
结论：与未受影响的一侧和对照组相比，FS患者的受影响肩部的肌肉力量和肩胛骨向上旋转增加存在临床相关差异。然而,没有证据表明不同水平的肩胛骨运动学（视觉观察），本体感受,与未受影响的肩部或对照组相比，受影响的肩部的血糖水平缺乏。
