Abstract：
Anesthetic-induced brain activity study is crucial in avian cognitive-, consciousness-, and sleep-related research. However, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the generation of brain rhythms and specific connectivity of birds during anesthesia are poorly understood. Although different kinds of anesthetics can be used to induce an anesthesia state, a comparison study of these drugs focusing on the neural pattern evolution during anesthesia is lacking. Here, we recorded local field potentials (LFPs) using a multi-channel micro-electrode array inserted into the nidopallium caudolateral (NCL) of adult pigeons (Columba livia) anesthetized with chloral hydrate, pelltobarbitalum natricum or urethane. Power spectral density (PSD) and functional connectivity analyses were used to measure the dynamic temporal neural patterns in NCL during anesthesia. Neural decoding analysis was adopted to calculate the probability of the pigeon\'s brain state and the kind of injected anesthetic. In the NCL during anesthesia, we found elevated power activity and functional connectivity at low-frequency bands and depressed power activity and connectivity at high-frequency bands. Decoding results based on the spectral and functional connectivity features indicated that the pigeon\'s brain states during anesthesia and the injected anesthetics can be effectively decoded. These findings provide an important foundation for future investigations on how different anesthetics induce the generation of specific neural patterns.
摘要：
麻醉诱导的大脑活动研究在禽类认知中至关重要，意识-,和睡眠相关的研究。然而,麻醉期间产生大脑节律和鸟类特定连通性的神经生物学机制知之甚少。尽管可以使用不同种类的麻醉剂来诱导麻醉状态，缺乏针对麻醉过程中神经模式演变的这些药物的比较研究。这里,我们使用插入用水合氯醛麻醉的成年鸽子（Columbalivia）的nidopallia尾侧（NCL）的多通道微电极阵列记录局部场电位（LFP），纳巴比特或氨基甲酸乙酯。使用功率谱密度（PSD）和功能连通性分析来测量麻醉期间NCL中的动态时间神经模式。采用神经解码分析计算鸽子大脑状态和注射麻醉药种类的概率。在麻醉期间的NCL中，我们发现低频段功率活动和功能连通性升高,高频段功率活动和连通性降低.基于光谱和功能连接特征的解码结果表明，麻醉和注射麻醉药期间鸽子的大脑状态可以有效解码。这些发现为未来研究不同的麻醉剂如何诱导特定神经模式的产生提供了重要的基础。
