PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: We have previously demonstrated that older residents of long-term care facilities (LTCF) in the UK show levels of anti-spike antibodies that are comparable to the general population following primary series and booster vaccination for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, data on the humoral response to other SARS-CoV-2 proteins associated with natural infection are scarce in this vulnerable population.
UNASSIGNED: We measured quantitative levels of anti-nucleocapsid antibodies in blood samples taken from LTCF residents and staff after initial and repeat SARS-CoV-2 infections, between December 2020 and March 2023. Data on SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination were obtained through linkage to national datasets. Linear mixed effects models were used to investigate anti-nucleocapsid antibody levels, using log10 scale, in relation to time from most recent infection. This included evaluation of associations between repeat infection, staff/resident status, age, sex, Omicron infection and vaccination history and peak antibody level and slope of decline with time.
UNASSIGNED: We analysed 405 antibody observations from 220 residents and 396 observations from 215 staff. Repeat infection was associated with 8.5-fold (95%CI 4.9-14.8-fold) higher initial (peak) median anti-nucleocapsid antibody level, with steeper subsequent slope of decline. There were no significant differences in antibody level associated with resident (vs. staff) status or age, but Omicron infection was associated with 3.6-fold (95%CI 2.4-5.4-fold) higher levels. There was stronger evidence of waning of antibody levels over time in a sensitivity analysis in which observations were censored in cases with suspected undetected repeat infection.
UNASSIGNED: We found similar levels of anti-nucleocapsid antibody in residents and staff of LTCFs. Repeat infection and infection with an Omicron strain were associated with higher peak values. There was evidence of waning of anti-nucleocapsid antibody levels over time.
COVID-19 had a severe impact on care homes in the UK early in the pandemic. However, deaths and disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus have decreased over time following successful introduction of vaccinations and resistance linked to prior infection. There has been a lot of research carried out on the body\'s immune response to the viral spike protein, which was used to create vaccines against the virus. Less is known about our immune response to other proteins produced by the virus, such as nucleocapsid, which have not been used in current vaccines. We evaluated antibody levels against the viral nucleocapsid protein in older care home residents following initial and repeat SARS-CoV-2 infection and compared these values to those observed in younger care home staff. This was done through a large established cohort study, in which residents and staff of participating homes could volunteer to provide blood samples for analysis. We found similar levels of antibody levels among staff and older residents of care homes. These findings are in line with previous studies, in which we have shown that care home residents who survive SARS-CoV-2 infection can develop robust immunity. Higher peak antibody levels were observed following repeat infection in both residents and staff.
UNASSIGNED: We measured quantitative levels of anti-nucleocapsid antibodies in blood samples taken from LTCF residents and staff after initial and repeat SARS-CoV-2 infections, between December 2020 and March 2023. Data on SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination were obtained through linkage to national datasets. Linear mixed effects models were used to investigate anti-nucleocapsid antibody levels, using log10 scale, in relation to time from most recent infection. This included evaluation of associations between repeat infection, staff/resident status, age, sex, Omicron infection and vaccination history and peak antibody level and slope of decline with time.
UNASSIGNED: We analysed 405 antibody observations from 220 residents and 396 observations from 215 staff. Repeat infection was associated with 8.5-fold (95%CI 4.9-14.8-fold) higher initial (peak) median anti-nucleocapsid antibody level, with steeper subsequent slope of decline. There were no significant differences in antibody level associated with resident (vs. staff) status or age, but Omicron infection was associated with 3.6-fold (95%CI 2.4-5.4-fold) higher levels. There was stronger evidence of waning of antibody levels over time in a sensitivity analysis in which observations were censored in cases with suspected undetected repeat infection.
UNASSIGNED: We found similar levels of anti-nucleocapsid antibody in residents and staff of LTCFs. Repeat infection and infection with an Omicron strain were associated with higher peak values. There was evidence of waning of anti-nucleocapsid antibody levels over time.
COVID-19 had a severe impact on care homes in the UK early in the pandemic. However, deaths and disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus have decreased over time following successful introduction of vaccinations and resistance linked to prior infection. There has been a lot of research carried out on the body\'s immune response to the viral spike protein, which was used to create vaccines against the virus. Less is known about our immune response to other proteins produced by the virus, such as nucleocapsid, which have not been used in current vaccines. We evaluated antibody levels against the viral nucleocapsid protein in older care home residents following initial and repeat SARS-CoV-2 infection and compared these values to those observed in younger care home staff. This was done through a large established cohort study, in which residents and staff of participating homes could volunteer to provide blood samples for analysis. We found similar levels of antibody levels among staff and older residents of care homes. These findings are in line with previous studies, in which we have shown that care home residents who survive SARS-CoV-2 infection can develop robust immunity. Higher peak antibody levels were observed following repeat infection in both residents and staff.
摘要：
■我们以前已经证明，英国长期护理机构（LTCF）的老年居民在严重急性呼吸道综合症冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）的初次系列和加强疫苗接种后，表现出与普通人群相当的抗尖峰抗体水平。然而,在这一脆弱人群中，与自然感染相关的其他SARS-CoV-2蛋白的体液反应数据很少。
我们测量了在初次和重复SARS-CoV-2感染后从LTCF居民和工作人员采集的血液样本中抗核衣壳抗体的定量水平，2020年12月至2023年3月。SARS-CoV-2感染和疫苗接种的数据是通过与国家数据集的链接获得的。线性混合效应模型用于研究抗核衣壳抗体水平，使用log10量表，与最近感染的时间有关。这包括评估重复感染之间的关联，工作人员/居民身份，年龄,性别,Omicron感染和疫苗接种史以及峰值抗体水平和斜率随时间下降。
■我们分析了来自220名居民的405个抗体观察结果和来自215名工作人员的396个观察结果。重复感染与8.5倍（95CI4.9-14.8倍）高初始（峰值）中位数抗核衣壳抗体水平相关，随后下降的斜率更陡。与居民相关的抗体水平没有显着差异（与员工)身份或年龄，但Omicron感染与升高3.6倍(95CI2.4-5.4倍)相关.在敏感性分析中，有更强的证据表明抗体水平随着时间的推移而下降，其中在怀疑未检测到重复感染的情况下对观察结果进行了审查。
■我们在LTCF的居民和工作人员中发现了相似水平的抗核衣壳抗体。重复感染和Omicron菌株的感染与较高的峰值相关。有证据表明抗核衣壳抗体水平随时间下降。
新冠肺炎在大流行初期对英国的养老院产生了严重影响。然而,SARS-CoV-2病毒引起的死亡和疾病在成功接种疫苗和与先前感染相关的耐药性后随着时间的推移而减少。对人体对病毒刺突蛋白的免疫反应进行了大量的研究,用于制造抗病毒疫苗。关于我们对病毒产生的其他蛋白质的免疫反应知之甚少，比如核衣壳，目前尚未在疫苗中使用。我们评估了初次和重复SARS-CoV-2感染后老年护理院居民中针对病毒核衣壳蛋白的抗体水平，并将这些值与年轻护理院工作人员中观察到的值进行了比较。这是通过一项大型的既定队列研究完成的，参与家庭的居民和工作人员可以自愿提供血液样本进行分析。我们发现护理院的工作人员和老年居民的抗体水平相似。这些发现与以前的研究一致，其中我们已经表明，在SARS-CoV-2感染中幸存下来的养老院居民可以发展出强大的免疫力。重复感染后，居民和工作人员均观察到较高的峰值抗体水平。
我们测量了在初次和重复SARS-CoV-2感染后从LTCF居民和工作人员采集的血液样本中抗核衣壳抗体的定量水平，2020年12月至2023年3月。SARS-CoV-2感染和疫苗接种的数据是通过与国家数据集的链接获得的。线性混合效应模型用于研究抗核衣壳抗体水平，使用log10量表，与最近感染的时间有关。这包括评估重复感染之间的关联，工作人员/居民身份，年龄,性别,Omicron感染和疫苗接种史以及峰值抗体水平和斜率随时间下降。
■我们分析了来自220名居民的405个抗体观察结果和来自215名工作人员的396个观察结果。重复感染与8.5倍（95CI4.9-14.8倍）高初始（峰值）中位数抗核衣壳抗体水平相关，随后下降的斜率更陡。与居民相关的抗体水平没有显着差异（与员工)身份或年龄，但Omicron感染与升高3.6倍(95CI2.4-5.4倍)相关.在敏感性分析中，有更强的证据表明抗体水平随着时间的推移而下降，其中在怀疑未检测到重复感染的情况下对观察结果进行了审查。
■我们在LTCF的居民和工作人员中发现了相似水平的抗核衣壳抗体。重复感染和Omicron菌株的感染与较高的峰值相关。有证据表明抗核衣壳抗体水平随时间下降。
新冠肺炎在大流行初期对英国的养老院产生了严重影响。然而,SARS-CoV-2病毒引起的死亡和疾病在成功接种疫苗和与先前感染相关的耐药性后随着时间的推移而减少。对人体对病毒刺突蛋白的免疫反应进行了大量的研究,用于制造抗病毒疫苗。关于我们对病毒产生的其他蛋白质的免疫反应知之甚少，比如核衣壳，目前尚未在疫苗中使用。我们评估了初次和重复SARS-CoV-2感染后老年护理院居民中针对病毒核衣壳蛋白的抗体水平，并将这些值与年轻护理院工作人员中观察到的值进行了比较。这是通过一项大型的既定队列研究完成的，参与家庭的居民和工作人员可以自愿提供血液样本进行分析。我们发现护理院的工作人员和老年居民的抗体水平相似。这些发现与以前的研究一致，其中我们已经表明，在SARS-CoV-2感染中幸存下来的养老院居民可以发展出强大的免疫力。重复感染后，居民和工作人员均观察到较高的峰值抗体水平。
