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Abstract：
Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most prevalent malignancies affecting the male life cycle. The incidence and mortality of prostate cancer are also increasing every year. Detection of MicroRNA expression in serum to diagnose prostate cancer and determine prognosis is a very promising non-invasive modality. Materials and method: A total of 224 study participants were included in our study, including 112 prostate cancer patients and 112 healthy adults. The experiment consisted of three main phases, namely, the screening phase, the testing phase, and the validation phase. The expression levels of serum miRNAs in patients and healthy adults were detected using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the area under the curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the diagnostic ability, specificity, and sensitivity of the candidate miRNAs. Result: Eventually, three miRNAs most relevant to prostate cancer diagnosis were selected, namely, miR-106b-5p, miR-129-1-3p and miR-381-3p. We used these three miRNAs to construct a diagnostic panel with very high diagnostic potential for prostate cancer, which had an AUC of 0.912 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.858 to 0.950; p < 0.001; sensitivity = 91.67%; specificity = 79.76%]. In addition, the three target genes (DTNA, GJB1, and TRPC4) we searched for are also expected to be used for prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment in the future.
摘要：
背景：前列腺癌（PCa）是影响男性生命周期的最常见恶性肿瘤之一。前列腺癌的发病率和死亡率也逐年上升。检测血清中的MicroRNA表达以诊断前列腺癌并确定预后是一种非常有前途的非侵入性方式。材料和方法：本研究共纳入224名研究参与者，包括112名前列腺癌患者和112名健康成年人。实验包括三个主要阶段，即,筛选阶段,测试阶段,和验证阶段。采用定量逆转录-聚合酶链反应检测患者和健康成人血清miRNAs的表达水平。用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线和曲线下面积(AUC)评价诊断能力,特异性，和候选miRNA的敏感性。结果：最终，选择与前列腺癌诊断最相关的三种miRNA，即,miR-106b-5p,miR-129-1-3p和miR-381-3p。我们使用这三种miRNA构建了一个对前列腺癌具有很高诊断潜力的诊断小组，其AUC为0.912[95％置信区间（CI）：0.858至0.950；p<0.001；敏感性=91.67％；特异性=79.76％]。此外,这三个靶基因(DTNA，GJB1，和TRPC4）我们搜索的也有望在将来用于前列腺癌的诊断和治疗。
