PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: Fascinations for or aversions to particular sounds are a familiar feature of autism, as is an ability to reproduce another person\'s utterances, precisely copying the other person\'s prosody as well as their words. Such observations seem to indicate not only that autistic people can pay close attention to what they hear, but also that they have the ability to perceive the finer details of auditory stimuli. This is consistent with the previously reported consensus that absolute pitch is more common in autistic individuals than in neurotypicals. We take this to suggest that autistic people have perception that allows them to pay attention to fine details. It is important to establish whether or not this is so as autism is often presented as a deficit rather than a difference. We therefore undertook a narrative literature review of studies of auditory perception, in autistic and nonautistic individuals, focussing on any differences in processing linguistic and nonlinguistic sounds.
UNASSIGNED: We find persuasive evidence that nonlinguistic auditory perception in autistic children differs from that of nonautistic children. This is supported by the additional finding of a higher prevalence of absolute pitch and enhanced pitch discriminating abilities in autistic children compared to neurotypical children. Such abilities appear to stem from atypical perception, which is biased toward local-level information necessary for processing pitch and other prosodic features. Enhanced pitch discriminating abilities tend to be found in autistic individuals with a history of language delay, suggesting possible reciprocity. Research on various aspects of language development in autism also supports the hypothesis that atypical pitch perception may be accountable for observed differences in language development in autism.
UNASSIGNED: The results of our review of previously published studies are consistent with the hypothesis that auditory perception, and particularly pitch perception, in autism are different from the norm but not always impaired. Detail-oriented pitch perception may be an advantage given the right environment. We speculate that unusually heightened sensitivity to pitch differences may be at the cost of the normal development of the perception of the sounds that contribute most to early language development.
UNASSIGNED: The acquisition of speech and language may be a process that normally involves an enhanced perception of speech sounds at the expense of the processing of nonlinguistic sounds, but autistic children may not give speech sounds this same priority.
UNASSIGNED: We find persuasive evidence that nonlinguistic auditory perception in autistic children differs from that of nonautistic children. This is supported by the additional finding of a higher prevalence of absolute pitch and enhanced pitch discriminating abilities in autistic children compared to neurotypical children. Such abilities appear to stem from atypical perception, which is biased toward local-level information necessary for processing pitch and other prosodic features. Enhanced pitch discriminating abilities tend to be found in autistic individuals with a history of language delay, suggesting possible reciprocity. Research on various aspects of language development in autism also supports the hypothesis that atypical pitch perception may be accountable for observed differences in language development in autism.
UNASSIGNED: The results of our review of previously published studies are consistent with the hypothesis that auditory perception, and particularly pitch perception, in autism are different from the norm but not always impaired. Detail-oriented pitch perception may be an advantage given the right environment. We speculate that unusually heightened sensitivity to pitch differences may be at the cost of the normal development of the perception of the sounds that contribute most to early language development.
UNASSIGNED: The acquisition of speech and language may be a process that normally involves an enhanced perception of speech sounds at the expense of the processing of nonlinguistic sounds, but autistic children may not give speech sounds this same priority.
摘要：
■对特定声音的迷恋或厌恶是自闭症的一个熟悉特征，是一种复制另一个人话语的能力，精确地复制对方的韵律以及他们的话。这样的观察似乎不仅表明自闭症患者可以密切关注他们听到的声音，而且他们有能力感知听觉刺激的细节。这与先前报道的共识一致，即自闭症患者的绝对音高比神经型患者更常见。我们认为这表明自闭症患者的感知使他们能够关注细节。重要的是要确定这是否如此，因为自闭症通常被表现为赤字而不是差异。因此，我们对听觉感知的研究进行了叙述性文献综述，在自闭症和非自闭症患者中，专注于处理语言和非语言声音的任何差异。
■我们发现有说服力的证据表明，自闭症儿童的非语言听觉感知不同于非自闭症儿童。与神经典型儿童相比，自闭症儿童的绝对音高患病率更高，音高辨别能力增强，这一点得到了支持。这种能力似乎源于非典型的感知，偏向于处理音高和其他韵律特征所需的本地级别信息。在有语言延迟史的自闭症患者中，往往会发现音调辨别能力增强，暗示可能的互惠。对自闭症语言发展各个方面的研究也支持以下假设：非典型的音高感知可能是自闭症语言发展差异的原因。
■我们对先前发表的研究的回顾结果与以下假设一致：听觉感知，尤其是音高感知，自闭症与正常情况不同，但并不总是受损。在给定正确环境的情况下,面向细节的音高感知可能是有利的。我们推测，对音高差异的敏感度异常提高可能是以对早期语言发展贡献最大的声音感知的正常发展为代价的。
■语音和语言的习得可能是一个过程，通常涉及增强对语音的感知，但以处理非语言声音为代价，但是自闭症儿童可能不会把演讲的声音放在同样的优先位置。
■我们发现有说服力的证据表明，自闭症儿童的非语言听觉感知不同于非自闭症儿童。与神经典型儿童相比，自闭症儿童的绝对音高患病率更高，音高辨别能力增强，这一点得到了支持。这种能力似乎源于非典型的感知，偏向于处理音高和其他韵律特征所需的本地级别信息。在有语言延迟史的自闭症患者中，往往会发现音调辨别能力增强，暗示可能的互惠。对自闭症语言发展各个方面的研究也支持以下假设：非典型的音高感知可能是自闭症语言发展差异的原因。
■我们对先前发表的研究的回顾结果与以下假设一致：听觉感知，尤其是音高感知，自闭症与正常情况不同，但并不总是受损。在给定正确环境的情况下,面向细节的音高感知可能是有利的。我们推测，对音高差异的敏感度异常提高可能是以对早期语言发展贡献最大的声音感知的正常发展为代价的。
■语音和语言的习得可能是一个过程，通常涉及增强对语音的感知，但以处理非语言声音为代价，但是自闭症儿童可能不会把演讲的声音放在同样的优先位置。
