Abstract：
This review article explores the intricate correlation between growth factors and bone metastases, which play a crucial role in the development of several types of malignancies, namely breast, prostate, lung, and renal cancers. The focal point of our discussion is on crucial receptors for growth factors, including Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGFβ), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor (VEGFR), and Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR). These receptors, which are essential for cellular activities including growth, differentiation, and survival, have important involvement in the spread of cancer and the interactions between tumors and the bone environment. We discuss the underlying mechanisms of bone metastases, with a specific emphasis on the interaction between growth factor receptors and the bone microenvironment. EGFR signaling specifically enhances the process of osteoclast development and the formation of osteolytic lesions, especially in breast and lung malignancies. TGFβ receptors have a role in both osteolytic and osteoblastic metastases by releasing TGFβ, which attracts cancer cells and promotes bone remodeling. This is a crucial element in the spread of prostate cancer to the bones. The functions of FGFR and VEGFR in the processes of bone formation and tumor angiogenesis, respectively, highlight the complex and diverse nature of these interactions. The review emphasizes the possibility of targeted therapeutics targeting these receptors to interrupt the cycle of tumor development and bone degradation. Therapeutic approaches include focusing on the VEGF/VEGFR, EGF/EGFR, FGF/FGFR, and TGFβ/TGFβR pathways. These include a variety of compounds, such as small molecule inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies, which have shown potential to interfere with tumor-induced alterations in bone. The text discusses clinical trials and preclinical models, offering insights into the effectiveness and constraints of various treatments. Ultimately, this study provides a succinct but thorough summary of the present knowledge and treatment strategies focused on growth factor receptors in bone metastases. This highlights the significance of comprehending the signaling of growth factor receptors in the microenvironment where tumors spread to the bones, as well as the possibility of using targeted therapies to enhance the results for cancer patients with bone metastases. The advancement of treating bone metastases hinges on the development of treatments that specifically target the intricate relationships between malignancies and bone.
摘要：
这篇综述文章探讨了生长因子与骨转移之间的复杂相关性。在几种恶性肿瘤的发展中起着至关重要的作用，即乳房，前列腺,肺，和肾癌。我们讨论的焦点是生长因子的关键受体，包括表皮生长因子受体（EGFR），转化生长因子β（TGFβ），血管内皮生长因子受体(VEGFR),和成纤维细胞生长因子受体(FGFR)。这些受体，这对细胞活动包括生长至关重要，分化,和生存，在癌症的扩散以及肿瘤与骨骼环境之间的相互作用中都有重要的参与。我们讨论骨转移的潜在机制，特别强调生长因子受体与骨骼微环境之间的相互作用。EGFR信号特异性增强破骨细胞发育和溶骨性病变形成的过程，尤其是乳腺和肺部恶性肿瘤。TGFβ受体通过释放TGFβ在溶骨和成骨细胞转移中都有作用，吸引癌细胞并促进骨骼重塑。这是前列腺癌扩散到骨骼的关键因素。FGFR和VEGFR在骨形成和肿瘤血管生成过程中的作用,分别,突出了这些相互作用的复杂性和多样性。该综述强调了靶向这些受体的靶向治疗的可能性，以中断肿瘤发展和骨降解的周期。治疗方法包括关注VEGF/VEGFR，EGF/EGFR,FGF/FGFR,和TGFβ/TGFβR途径。这些包括各种化合物，如小分子抑制剂和单克隆抗体，已显示有可能干扰肿瘤诱导的骨骼改变。本文讨论了临床试验和临床前模型，提供各种治疗的有效性和局限性的见解。最终,这项研究简明扼要地总结了目前关于骨转移瘤中生长因子受体的知识和治疗策略.这突出了理解肿瘤扩散到骨骼的微环境中生长因子受体信号的重要性，以及使用靶向疗法增强骨转移癌症患者结果的可能性。骨转移治疗的进展取决于特异性靶向恶性肿瘤和骨之间复杂关系的治疗的发展。
