Abstract：
Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease referring to the infection with blood parasitic trematodes of the genus Schistosoma. It impacts millions of people worldwide, primarily in low-to-middle-income countries. Patients infected with schistosomiasis often exhibit a distinct hematological profile, including anemia, eosinophilia, thrombocytopenia, and coagulopathy. Platelets, essential components of the hemostatic system, play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of schistosomiasis. Schistosomes secrete serine proteases and express ectoenzymes, such as calpain protease, alkaline phosphatase (SmAP), phosphodiesterase (SmNPP5), ATP diphosphohydrolase (SmATPDase1), serine protease Sk1, SmSP2, and Sm22.6, which can interfere with platelet normal functioning. This report provides comprehensive, up-to-date information on platelet abnormalities observed in patients with schistosomiasis, highlighting their importance in the disease progression and complications. It delves into the interactions between platelets and schistosomes, including the impact of platelet dysfunction on hemostasis and immune responses, immune-mediated platelet destruction, and the potential mechanisms by which schistosome tegumental ectoenzymes affect platelets. Furthermore, the report clarifies the relationship between platelet abnormalities and clinical manifestations such as thrombocytopenia, coagulation disorders, and the emergence of portal hypertension and gastrointestinal bleeding. Understanding the complex interplay between platelets and schistosomes is crucial for improving patient management and outcomes in schistosomiasis, particularly for those with platelet alterations. This knowledge contributes to improved diagnostic methods, innovative treatment strategies, and global efforts to control and eliminate schistosomiasis.
摘要：
血吸虫病是一种被忽视的热带病，指的是血吸虫属的血液寄生虫感染。它影响着全世界数百万人，主要在中低收入国家。感染血吸虫病的患者通常表现出明显的血液学特征，包括贫血,嗜酸性粒细胞增多,血小板减少症,和凝血病。血小板,止血系统的重要组成部分，在血吸虫病的发病过程中起着至关重要的作用。血吸虫分泌丝氨酸蛋白酶并表达胞外酶，如钙蛋白酶，碱性磷酸酶(SmAP),磷酸二酯酶（SmNPP5），ATP二磷酸水解酶（SmATPDase1），丝氨酸蛋白酶Sk1，SmSP2和Sm22.6，可干扰血小板正常功能。本报告提供了全面的、血吸虫病患者血小板异常的最新信息，强调它们在疾病进展和并发症中的重要性。它深入研究了血小板和血吸虫之间的相互作用，包括血小板功能障碍对止血和免疫反应的影响，免疫介导的血小板破坏，以及血吸虫被膜外酶影响血小板的潜在机制。此外，该报告阐明了血小板异常与血小板减少症等临床表现之间的关系，凝血障碍，以及门静脉高压和消化道出血的出现。了解血小板和血吸虫之间复杂的相互作用对于改善血吸虫病的患者管理和预后至关重要。特别是那些有血小板改变的人。这些知识有助于改进诊断方法，创新的治疗策略，以及全球控制和消除血吸虫病的努力。
