Abstract：
A wide variety of membrane-less organelles in cells play an essential role in regulating gene expression, RNA processing, plant growth and development, and helping organisms cope with changing external environments. In biology, liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) usually refers to a reversible process in which one or more specific molecular components are spontaneously separated from the bulk environment, producing two distinct liquid phases: concentrated and dilute. LLPS may be a powerful cellular compartmentalisation mechanism whereby biocondensates formed via LLPS when biomolecules exceed critical or saturating concentrations in the environment where they are found will be generated. It has been widely used to explain the formation of membrane-less organelles in organisms. LLPS studies in the context of plant physiology are now widespread, but most of the research is still focused on non-plant systems; the study of phase separation in plants needs to be more thorough. Proteins and nucleic acids are the main components involved in LLPS. This review summarises the specific features and properties of biomolecules undergoing LLPS in plants. We describe in detail these biomolecules\' structural characteristics, the mechanism of formation of condensates, and the functions of these condensates. Finally, We summarised the phase separation mechanisms in plant growth, development, and stress adaptation.
摘要：
细胞中各种各样的无膜细胞器在调节基因表达中起着至关重要的作用，RNA加工，植物生长发育,帮助生物体应对不断变化的外部环境。在生物学中,液-液相分离(LLPS)通常是指一种或多种特定分子组分自发地从本体环境中分离出来的可逆过程,产生两个不同的液相：浓缩和稀释。LLPS可能是一种强大的细胞区室化机制，当生物分子在发现它们的环境中超过临界或饱和浓度时，将产生通过LLPS形成的生物缩合物。它已被广泛用于解释生物体中无膜细胞器的形成。植物生理学背景下的LLPS研究现在很普遍，但是大多数研究仍然集中在非植物系统上；植物中的相分离研究需要更加彻底。蛋白质和核酸是LLPS的主要成分。这篇综述总结了植物中经历LLPS的生物分子的特定特征和性质。我们详细描述了这些生物分子的结构特征，凝析油的形成机理,以及这些冷凝物的功能。最后,我们总结了植物生长中的相分离机制，发展,和压力适应。
