Abstract：
Objective: College students experience intense anxiety, for which biofeedback mindfulness techniques show effectiveness in relief. However, typical biofeedback products often lead to user fatigue and boredom because of a single or fixed feedback and lack of focus on mindfulness enhancement. Materials and Methods: In this research, we developed Mindjourney, a VR-based respiratory feedback mindfulness system, designed to enhance mindfulness and alleviate anxiety through continuous/noncontinuous feedback and nonjudgmental reward/punishment for self-perception and attention management. A randomized controlled trial involved 72 college students, split equally into short-term (n = 34, age: 23.11 ± 1.729) and 4-week long-term (n = 38, age: 24.12 ± 1.408) groups, with equal randomization for intervention and control groups. Pre/postintervention tests were measured by using Trait Anxiety Inventory (TAI) and Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) for long-term groups and Galvanic Skin Response and State Anxiety Inventory (SAI) for short-term groups. Results: Results showed that the long-term intervention group showed a significant increase in mindfulness (P = 0.001 for FFMQ total score). Furthermore, observe and act with awareness subscales showed significant increase after intervention (P = 0.034 for observe, P < 0.001 for act with awareness) compared with the control group. Both intervention groups demonstrated a significant decrease in anxiety levels compared with the control groups (P = 0.049 for SAI, P = 0.01 for TAI). Moreover, participants expressed high interest in this biofeedback mindfulness system and willingness for long-term usage. Conclusion: The proposed biofeedback mindfulness practice system could potentially facilitate mindfulness practice and serve as a convenient tool for anxiety relief in campus college students.
摘要：
目的:大学生经历强烈的焦虑,生物反馈正念技术显示出缓解效果。然而,典型的生物反馈产品通常会导致用户疲劳和无聊，因为单一或固定的反馈和缺乏专注于正念增强。材料和方法：在这项研究中，我们开发了Mindjourney,基于VR的呼吸反馈正念系统，旨在通过对自我感知和注意力管理的连续/非连续反馈和非判断性奖励/惩罚来增强正念和减轻焦虑。一项随机对照试验涉及72名大学生，平均分为短期（n=34，年龄：23.11±1.729）和4周长期（n=38，年龄：24.12±1.408）组，干预组和对照组的随机化相等。通过使用长期组的特质焦虑量表（TAI）和五方面正念问卷（FFMQ）以及短期组的电皮肤反应和状态焦虑量表（SAI）来测量干预前/后测试。结果：结果显示，长期干预组的正念显着增加（FFMQ总分P=0.001）。此外，观察和行动意识分量表显示干预后显著增加(P=0.034，与对照组相比，有意识的行为P<0.001）。与对照组相比，两个干预组的焦虑水平均显着降低（SAI的P=0.049，TAI的P=0.01)。此外，参与者对这种生物反馈正念系统表示了高度兴趣，并愿意长期使用。结论：提出的生物反馈正念练习系统可能会促进正念练习，并成为缓解校园大学生焦虑的便捷工具。
